Installing GitHub Enterprise Server on Azure

You can deploy GitHub Enterprise Server on global Azure or Azure Government.

Prerequisites

• You must have a GitHub Enterprise license file. For more information, see "Setting up a trial of GitHub Enterprise Server" and "About licenses for GitHub Enterprise."
• You must have an Azure account capable of provisioning new machines. For more information, see the Microsoft Azure website.
• Most actions needed to launch your virtual machine (VM) may also be performed using the Azure Portal. However, we recommend installing the Azure command line interface (CLI) for initial setup. Examples using the Azure CLI 2.0 are included below. For more information, see Azure's guide "Install Azure CLI 2.0."

Hardware considerations

• Minimum requirements
• Beta features in GitHub Enterprise Server 2.22
• Storage
• CPU and memory

Minimum requirements

We recommend different hardware configurations depending on the number of user licenses for your GitHub Enterprise Server instance. If you provision more resources than the minimum requirements, your instance will perform and scale better.

User licenses	vCPUs	Memory	Attached storage	Root storage
Trial, demo, or 10 light users	2 or 4	16 GB or 32 GB	100 GB or 150 GB	200 GB
10 to 3,000	4 or 8	32 GB or 48 GB	250 GB or 300 GB	200 GB
3,000 to 5000	8 or 12	64 GB	500 GB	200 GB
5,000 to 8000	12 or 16	96 GB	750 GB	200 GB
8,000 to 10,000+	16 or 20	128 GB or 160 GB	1000 GB	200 GB

For more information about adjusting resources for an existing instance, see "Increasing storage capacity" and "Increasing CPU or memory resources."

Beta features in GitHub Enterprise Server 2.22

GitHub Enterprise Server 2.22 offered features in beta, such as GitHub Actions, GitHub Packages, and code scanning. For more information, see the GitHub Enterprise Server 2.22 release notes.

If you enabled beta features for GitHub Enterprise Server 2.22, your instance requires additional hardware resources. For more information about minimum requirements, see "Minimum requirements."

For more information about the hardware requirements for GitHub Actions, see "Getting started with GitHub Actions for GitHub Enterprise Server."

Storage

We recommend a high-performance SSD with high input/output operations per second (IOPS) and low latency for GitHub Enterprise Server. Workloads are I/O intensive. If you use a bare metal hypervisor, we recommend directly attaching the disk or using a disk from a storage area network (SAN).

Your instance requires a persistent data disk separate from the root disk. For more information, see "System overview."

To configure the beta of GitHub Actions, you must provide external blob storage. For more information, see "Getting started with GitHub Actions for GitHub Enterprise Server."

The available space on the root filesystem will be 50% of the total disk size. You can resize your instance's root disk by building a new instance or using an existing instance. For more information, see "System overview" and "Increasing storage capacity."

CPU and memory

The CPU and memory resources that GitHub Enterprise Server requires depend on the levels of activity for users, automations, and integrations.

If you enabled the beta of GitHub Actions for the users of your GitHub Enterprise Server instance, you may need to provision additional CPU and memory resources for your instance. For more information, see "Getting started with GitHub Actions for GitHub Enterprise Server."

When you increase CPU resources, we recommend adding at least 6.5 GB of memory for each vCPU (up to 16 vCPUs) that you provision for the instance. When you use more than 16 vCPUs, you don't need to add 6.5 GB of memory for each vCPU, but you should monitor your instance to ensure it has enough memory.

For more information about monitoring the capacity and performance of GitHub Enterprise Server, see "Monitoring your appliance."

You can increase your instance's CPU or memory resources. For more information, see "Increasing CPU or memory resources."

Determining the virtual machine type

Before launching your GitHub Enterprise Server instance on Azure, you'll need to determine the machine type that best fits the needs of your organization. To review the minimum requirements for GitHub Enterprise Server, see "Minimum requirements."

The GitHub Enterprise Server appliance requires a premium storage data disk, and is supported on any Azure VM that supports premium storage. Azure VM types with the s suffix support premium storage. For more information, see "What disk types are available in Azure?" and "Azure premium storage: design for high performance" in the Azure documentation.

GitHub recommends a memory-optimized VM for GitHub Enterprise Server. For more information, see "Memory optimized virtual machine sizes" in the Azure documentation.

GitHub Enterprise Server supports any region that supports your VM type. For more information about the supported regions for each VM, see Azure's "Products available by region."

Creating the GitHub Enterprise Server virtual machine

To create the instance, you'll need to import the GitHub Enterprise Server image to your virtual machine and attach an additional storage volume for your instance data. For more information, see "Hardware considerations."

1. Find the most recent GitHub Enterprise Server appliance image. For more information about the vm image list command, see "az vm image list" in the Microsoft documentation.

   $ az vm image list --all -f GitHub-Enterprise | grep '"urn":' | sort -V

2. Create a new VM using the appliance image you found. For more information, see "az vm create" in the Microsoft documentation.

   Pass in options for the name of your VM, the resource group, the size of your VM, the name of your preferred Azure region, the name of the appliance image VM you listed in the previous step, and the storage SKU for premium storage. For more information about resource groups, see "Resource groups" in the Microsoft documentation.

   $ az vm create -n VM_NAME -g RESOURCE_GROUP --size VM_SIZE -l REGION --image APPLIANCE_IMAGE_NAME --storage-sku Premium_LRS

3. Configure the security settings on your VM to open up required ports. For more information, see "az vm open-port" in the Microsoft documentation. See the table below for a description of each port to determine what ports you need to open.

   $ az vm open-port -n VM_NAME -g RESOURCE_GROUP --port PORT_NUMBER

   This table identifies what each port is used for.

   Port	Service	Description
   22	SSH	Git over SSH access. Clone, fetch, and push operations to public/private repositories supported.
   25	SMTP	SMTP with encryption (STARTTLS) support.
   80	HTTP	Web application access. All requests are redirected to the HTTPS port when SSL is enabled.
   122	SSH	Instance shell access. The default SSH port (22) is dedicated to application git+ssh network traffic.
   161/UDP	SNMP	Required for network monitoring protocol operation.
   443	HTTPS	Web application and Git over HTTPS access.
   1194/UDP	VPN	Secure replication network tunnel in high availability configuration.
   8080	HTTP	Plain-text web based Management Console. Not required unless SSL is disabled manually.
   8443	HTTPS	Secure web based Management Console. Required for basic installation and configuration.
   9418	Git	Simple Git protocol port. Clone and fetch operations to public repositories only. Unencrypted network communication. If you have enabled private mode on your instance, then opening this port is only required if you also enabled anonymous Git read access. For more information, see "Enforcing repository management policies in your enterprise."

4. Create and attach a new unencrypted data disk to the VM, and configure the size based on your user license count. For more information, see "az vm disk attach" in the Microsoft documentation.

   Pass in options for the name of your VM (for example, ghe-acme-corp), the resource group, the premium storage SKU, the size of the disk (for example, 100), and a name for the resulting VHD.

   $ az vm disk attach --vm-name VM_NAME -g RESOURCE_GROUP --sku Premium_LRS --new -z SIZE_IN_GB --name ghe-data.vhd --caching ReadWrite

   Note: For non-production instances to have sufficient I/O throughput, the recommended minimum disk size is 40 GiB with read/write cache enabled (--caching ReadWrite).

Configuring the GitHub Enterprise Server virtual machine

1. Before configuring the VM, you must wait for it to enter ReadyRole status. Check the status of the VM with the vm list command. For more information, see "az vm list" in the Microsoft documentation.

   $ az vm list -d -g RESOURCE_GROUP -o table
   > Name    ResourceGroup    PowerState    PublicIps     Fqdns    Location    Zones
   > ------  ---------------  ------------  ------------  -------  ----------  -------
   > VM_NAME RESOURCE_GROUP   VM running    40.76.79.202           eastus
   

   Note: Azure does not automatically create a FQDNS entry for the VM. For more information, see Azure's guide on how to "Create a fully qualified domain name in the Azure portal for a Linux VM."

2. Copy the virtual machine's public DNS name, and paste it into a web browser.

3. At the prompt, upload your license file and set a management console password. For more information, see "Managing your license for GitHub Enterprise."

4. In the Management Console, configure and save your desired settings. For more information, see "Configuring the GitHub Enterprise Server appliance."

5. The instance will restart automatically.

6. Click Visit your instance.

Further reading

• "System overview"