Краткое руководство по написанию на сайте GitHub

Introduction

Markdown is an easy-to-read, easy-to-write language for formatting plain text. You can use Markdown syntax, along with some additional HTML tags, to format your writing on GitHub, in places like repository READMEs and comments on pull requests and issues. In this guide, you'll learn some advanced formatting features by creating a gist.

If you're new to Markdown, you might want to start with "Basic writing and formatting syntax" or the Communicate using Markdown GitHub Skills course.

Creating a gist

Gists let you store or share code snippets and other pieces of information with others on your enterprise. To use formatting features in gists, add a gist file with a .md extension.

1. Navigate to your gist home page, http(s)://gist.[hostname].
2. Optionally, type a description for the gist, such as "About me."
3. In the Filename including extension... field, type about-me.md.

For more information, see "Creating gists."

Adding an image to suit your visitors

You can include images in your communication on GitHub. Here, you'll add a responsive image, such as a banner, to the top of your gist.

By using the HTML <picture> element with the prefers-color-scheme media feature, you can add an image that changes depending on whether a visitor is using light or dark mode. For more information, see "Managing your theme settings."

1. Copy and paste the following markup into your about-me.md file.

   HTML

   <picture>
    <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="YOUR-DARKMODE-IMAGE">
    <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="YOUR-LIGHTMODE-IMAGE">
    <img alt="YOUR-ALT-TEXT" src="YOUR-DEFAULT-IMAGE">
   </picture>
   

2. Replace the placeholders in the markup with the URLs of your chosen images. Alternatively, to try the feature first, you can copy the URLs from our example below.

   • Replace YOUR-DARKMODE-IMAGE with the URL of an image to display for visitors using dark mode.
   • Replace YOUR-LIGHTMODE-IMAGE with the URL of an image to display for visitors using light mode.
   • Replace YOUR-DEFAULT-IMAGE with the URL of an image to display in case neither of the other images can be matched, for example if the visitor is using a browser that does not support the prefers-color-scheme feature.

3. To make the image accessible for visitors who are using a screen reader, replace YOUR-ALT-TEXT with a description of the image.

4. To check the image has rendered correctly, click the Preview tab.

For more information on using images in Markdown, see "Basic writing and formatting syntax."

Example of a responsive image

<picture>
  <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/25423296/163456776-7f95b81a-f1ed-45f7-b7ab-8fa810d529fa.png">
  <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/25423296/163456779-a8556205-d0a5-45e2-ac17-42d089e3c3f8.png">
  <img alt="Shows an illustrated sun in light mode and a moon with stars in dark mode." src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/25423296/163456779-a8556205-d0a5-45e2-ac17-42d089e3c3f8.png">
</picture>

How the image looks

Adding a table

You can use Markdown tables to organize information. Here, you'll use a table to introduce yourself by ranking something, such as your most-used programming languages or frameworks, the things you're spending your time learning, or your favorite hobbies. When a table column contains numbers, it's useful to right-align the column by using the syntax --: below the header row.

1. Return to the Edit new file tab.

2. To introduce yourself, two lines below the </picture> tag, add an ## About me header and a short paragraph about yourself, like the following.

   ## About me
   
   Hi, I'm Mona. You might recognize me as GitHub's mascot.
   

3. Two lines below this paragraph, insert a table by copying and pasting the following markup.

   Markdown

   | Rank | THING-TO-RANK |
   |-----:|---------------|
   |     1|               |
   |     2|               |
   |     3|               |
   

4. In the column on the right, replace THING-TO-RANK with "Languages," "Hobbies," or anything else, and fill in the column with your list of things.

5. To check the table has rendered correctly, click the Preview tab.

For more information, see "Organizing information with tables."

Example of a table

## About me

Hi, I'm Mona. You might recognize me as GitHub's mascot.

| Rank | Languages |
|-----:|-----------|
|     1| Javascript|
|     2| Python    |
|     3| SQL       |

How the table looks

Adding a collapsed section

To keep your content tidy, you can use the <details> tag to create an expandible collapsed section.

1. To create a collapsed section for the table you created, wrap your table in <details> tags like in the following example.

   HTML

   <details>
   <summary>My top THINGS-TO-RANK</summary>
   
   YOUR TABLE
   
   </details>
   

2. Between the <summary> tags, replace THINGS-TO-RANK with whatever you ranked in your table.

3. Optionally, to make the section display as open by default, add the open attribute to the <details> tag.

   <details open>
   

4. To check the collapsed section has rendered correctly, click the Preview tab.

Example of a collapsed section

<details>
<summary>My top languages</summary>

| Rank | Languages |
|-----:|-----------|
|     1| Javascript|
|     2| Python    |
|     3| SQL       |

</details>

How the collapsed section looks

Adding a quote

Markdown has many other options for formatting your content. Here, you'll add a horizontal rule to divide your page and a blockquote to format your favorite quote.

1. At the bottom of your file, two lines below the </details> tag, add a horizontal rule by typing three or more dashes.

   ---
   

2. Below the --- line, add a quote by typing markup like the following.

   > QUOTE
   

   Replace QUOTE with a quote of your choice. Alternatively, copy the quote from our example below.

3. To check everything has rendered correctly, click the Preview tab.

Example of a quote

---
> If we pull together and commit ourselves, then we can push through anything.

— Mona the Octocat

How the quote looks

Adding a comment

You can use HTML comment syntax to add a comment that will be hidden in the output. Here, you'll add a comment to remind yourself to update your gist later.

1. Two lines below the ## About me header, insert a comment by using the following markup.

   <!-- COMMENT -->
   

   Replace COMMENT with a "to-do" item you remind yourself to do something later (for example, to add more items to the table).

2. To check your comment is hidden in the output, click the Preview tab.

Example of a comment

## About me

<!-- TO DO: add more details about me later -->

Saving your work

When you're happy with your changes, save your gist.

• To keep your gist hidden from search engines but visible to anyone you share the URL with, click Create secret gist
• If you're happy for your gist to be visible to anyone on your enterprise, click Create internal gist

Next steps

• Continue to learn about advanced formatting features. For example, see "Creating and highlighting code blocks."
• Use your new skills as you communicate across GitHub, in issues, pull requests, and discussions. For more information, see "Communicating on GitHub."