Building and testing Go

Introduction

This guide shows you how to build, test, and publish a Go package.

GitHub-hosted runners have a tools cache with preinstalled software, which includes the dependencies for Go. For a full list of up-to-date software and the preinstalled versions of Go, see "Using GitHub-hosted runners."

Prerequisites

You should already be familiar with YAML syntax and how it's used with GitHub Actions. For more information, see "Workflow syntax for GitHub Actions."

We recommend that you have a basic understanding of the Go language. For more information, see Getting started with Go.

Using a Go starter workflow

To get started quickly, add a starter workflow to the .github/workflows directory of your repository.

GitHub provides a Go starter workflow that should work for most Go projects. The subsequent sections of this guide give examples of how you can customize this starter workflow.

1. On your GitHub Enterprise Server instance, navigate to the main page of the repository.

2. Under your repository name, click Actions.

   

3. If you already have a workflow in your repository, click New workflow.

4. The "Choose a workflow" page shows a selection of recommended starter workflows. Search for "go".

5. Filter the selection of workflows by clicking Continuous integration.

6. On the "Go - by GitHub Actions" workflow, click Configure.

   If you don't find the "Go - by GitHub Actions" starter workflow, copy the following workflow code to a new file called go.yml in the .github/workflows directory of your repository.

   YAML

   name: Go
   
   on:
     push:
       branches: [ "main" ]
     pull_request:
       branches: [ "main" ]
   
   jobs:
     build:
   
       runs-on: self-hosted
       steps:
         - uses: actions/checkout@v4
   
         - name: Set up Go
           uses: actions/setup-go@v3
           with:
             go-version: '1.20'
   
         - name: Build
           run: go build -v ./...
   
         - name: Test
           run: go test -v ./...
   

7. Edit the workflow as required. For example, change the version of Go.

8. Click Commit changes.

Specifying a Go version

The easiest way to specify a Go version is by using the setup-go action provided by GitHub. For more information see, the setup-go action.

To use a preinstalled version of Go on a GitHub-hosted runner, pass the relevant version to the go-version property of the setup-go action. This action finds a specific version of Go from the tools cache on each runner, and adds the necessary binaries to PATH. These changes will persist for the remainder of the job.

The setup-go action is the recommended way of using Go with GitHub Actions, because it helps ensure consistent behavior across different runners and different versions of Go. If you are using a self-hosted runner, you must install Go and add it to PATH.

Using multiple versions of Go

name: Go

on: [push]

jobs:
  build:

    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    strategy:
      matrix:
        go-version: [ '1.19', '1.20', '1.21.x' ]

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Setup Go ${{ matrix.go-version }}
        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
        with:
          go-version: ${{ matrix.go-version }}
      # You can test your matrix by printing the current Go version
      - name: Display Go version
        run: go version

name: Go

on: [push]

jobs:
  build:

    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    strategy:
      matrix:
        go-version: [ '1.19', '1.20', '1.21.x' ]

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Setup Go ${{ matrix.go-version }}
        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
        with:
          go-version: ${{ matrix.go-version }}
      # You can test your matrix by printing the current Go version
      - name: Display Go version
        run: go version

Using a specific Go version

You can configure your job to use a specific version of Go, such as 1.20.8. Alternatively, you can use semantic version syntax to get the latest minor release. This example uses the latest patch release of Go 1.21:

      - name: Setup Go 1.21.x
        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
        with:
          # Semantic version range syntax or exact version of Go
          go-version: '1.21.x'

      - name: Setup Go 1.21.x
        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
        with:
          # Semantic version range syntax or exact version of Go
          go-version: '1.21.x'

Installing dependencies

You can use go get to install dependencies:

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
        with:
          go-version: '1.21.x'
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: |
          go get .
          go get example.com/octo-examplemodule
          go get example.com/octo-examplemodule@v1.3.4

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
        with:
          go-version: '1.21.x'
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: |
          go get .
          go get example.com/octo-examplemodule
          go get example.com/octo-examplemodule@v1.3.4

Caching dependencies

You can cache and restore dependencies using the setup-go action. By default, caching is disabled, but you can set the cache parameter to true to enable it.

When caching is enabled, the setup-go action searches for the dependency file, go.sum, in the repository root and uses the hash of the dependency file as a part of the cache key.

      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
        with:
          go-version: '1.21.x'
          cache: true

      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
        with:
          go-version: '1.21.x'
          cache: true

Alternatively, you can use the cache-dependency-path parameter for cases when multiple dependency files are used, or when they are located in different subdirectories.

      - uses: actions/setup-go@v3
        with:
          go-version: '1.17'
          cache: true
          cache-dependency-path: subdir/go.sum

      - uses: actions/setup-go@v3
        with:
          go-version: '1.17'
          cache: true
          cache-dependency-path: subdir/go.sum

If you have a custom requirement or need finer controls for caching, you can use the cache action. For more information, see "Caching dependencies to speed up workflows."

Building and testing your code

You can use the same commands that you use locally to build and test your code. This example workflow demonstrates how to use go build and go test in a job:

name: Go
on: [push]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
        with:
          go-version: '1.21.x'
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: go get .
      - name: Build
        run: go build -v ./...
      - name: Test with the Go CLI
        run: go test

name: Go
on: [push]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
        with:
          go-version: '1.21.x'
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: go get .
      - name: Build
        run: go build -v ./...
      - name: Test with the Go CLI
        run: go test

Packaging workflow data as artifacts

After a workflow completes, you can upload the resulting artifacts for analysis. For example, you may need to save log files, core dumps, test results, or screenshots. The following example demonstrates how you can use the upload-artifact action to upload test results.

For more information, see "Storing workflow data as artifacts."

name: Upload Go test results

on: [push]

jobs:
  build:

    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    strategy:
      matrix:
        go-version: [ '1.19', '1.20', '1.21.x' ]

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
        with:
          go-version: ${{ matrix.go-version }}
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: go get .
      - name: Test with Go
        run: go test -json > TestResults-${{ matrix.go-version }}.json
      - name: Upload Go test results
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          name: Go-results-${{ matrix.go-version }}
          path: TestResults-${{ matrix.go-version }}.json

name: Upload Go test results

on: [push]

jobs:
  build:

    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    strategy:
      matrix:
        go-version: [ '1.19', '1.20', '1.21.x' ]

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
        with:
          go-version: ${{ matrix.go-version }}
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: go get .
      - name: Test with Go
        run: go test -json > TestResults-${{ matrix.go-version }}.json
      - name: Upload Go test results
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          name: Go-results-${{ matrix.go-version }}
          path: TestResults-${{ matrix.go-version }}.json