Storing and sharing data from a workflow

Artifacts allow you to share data between jobs in a workflow and store data once that workflow has completed.

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About workflow artifacts

Artifacts allow you to persist data after a job has completed, and share that data with another job in the same workflow. An artifact is a file or collection of files produced during a workflow run. For example, you can use artifacts to save your build and test output after a workflow run has ended. 実行内で呼び出されるすべてのアクションとワークフローは、その実行の成果物への書き込みアクセス権を持っています。

既定では、GitHub Enterprise Cloud にはビルド ログと成果物が 90 日間保存され、この保持期間はカスタマイズできます。 詳しくは、「使用制限、支払い、管理」を参照してください。 The retention period for a pull request restarts each time someone pushes a new commit to the pull request.

These are some of the common artifacts that you can upload:

  • Log files and core dumps
  • Test results, failures, and screenshots
  • Binary or compressed files
  • Stress test performance output and code coverage results

Storing artifacts uses storage space on GitHub Enterprise Cloud. GitHub Actions の使用は、パブリック リポジトリの標準の GitHub ホステッド ランナーとセルフホステッド ランナーの場合は無料です。 プライベート リポジトリの場合、アカウントのプランに応じて、GitHub ホステッド ランナーでの使用を対象として、一定量の無料の使用時間 (分) とストレージが各 GitHub アカウントに付与されます。 含まれる量を超える使用は、使用制限によって制御されます。 For more information, see "GitHub Actions の支払いを管理する."

Artifacts are uploaded during a workflow run, and you can view an artifact's name and size in the UI. When an artifact is downloaded using the GitHub Enterprise Cloud UI, all files that were individually uploaded as part of the artifact get zipped together into a single file. This means that billing is calculated based on the size of the uploaded artifact and not the size of the zip file.

GitHub Enterprise Cloud provides two actions that you can use to upload and download build artifacts. For more information, see the upload-artifact and download-artifact actions.

To share data between jobs:

  • Uploading files: Give the uploaded file a name and upload the data before the job ends.
  • Downloading files: You can only download artifacts that were uploaded during the same workflow run. When you download a file, you can reference it by name.

The steps of a job share the same environment on the runner machine, but run in their own individual processes. To pass data between steps in a job, you can use inputs and outputs. For more information about inputs and outputs, see "GitHub Actions のメタデータ構文."

成果物の比較と依存関係のキャッシング

成果物とキャッシングは、GitHubにファイルを保存できるようにするので似ていますが、それぞれの機能のユースケースは異なっており、入れ替えて使うことはできません。

  • パッケージ管理システムからのビルドの依存関係など、ジョブまたはワークフローの実行の間で頻繁に変更されないファイルを再利用する場合は、キャッシュを使用します。
  • ビルドされたバイナリやビルド ログなど、ワークフローの実行が終了した後に表示するためにジョブによって生成されたファイルを保存する場合は、成果物を使用します。

For more information on dependency caching, see "依存関係をキャッシュしてワークフローのスピードを上げる."

Uploading build and test artifacts

You can create a continuous integration (CI) workflow to build and test your code. For more information about using GitHub Actions to perform CI, see "About continuous integration with GitHub Actions."

The output of building and testing your code often produces files you can use to debug test failures and production code that you can deploy. You can configure a workflow to build and test the code pushed to your repository and report a success or failure status. You can upload the build and test output to use for deployments, debugging failed tests or crashes, and viewing test suite coverage.

You can use the upload-artifact action to upload artifacts. When uploading an artifact, you can specify a single file or directory, or multiple files or directories. You can also exclude certain files or directories, and use wildcard patterns. We recommend that you provide a name for an artifact, but if no name is provided then artifact will be used as the default name. For more information on syntax, see the actions/upload-artifact action.

Example

For example, your repository or a web application might contain SASS and TypeScript files that you must convert to CSS and JavaScript. Assuming your build configuration outputs the compiled files in the dist directory, you would deploy the files in the dist directory to your web application server if all tests completed successfully.

|-- hello-world (repository)
|   └── dist
|   └── tests
|   └── src
|       └── sass/app.scss
|       └── app.ts
|   └── output
|       └── test
|

This example shows you how to create a workflow for a Node.js project that builds the code in the src directory and runs the tests in the tests directory. You can assume that running npm test produces a code coverage report named code-coverage.html stored in the output/test/ directory.

The workflow uploads the production artifacts in the dist directory, but excludes any markdown files. It also uploads the code-coverage.html report as another artifact.

YAML
name: Node CI

on: [push]

jobs:
  build_and_test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Checkout repository
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: npm install, build, and test
        run: |
          npm install
          npm run build --if-present
          npm test
      - name: Archive production artifacts
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: dist-without-markdown
          path: |
            dist
            !dist/**/*.md
      - name: Archive code coverage results
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: code-coverage-report
          path: output/test/code-coverage.html

Generating artifact attestations for builds

構成証明を使用することで、ビルドするソフトウェアに対して検証不可能な証明と整合性の保証を作成できます。 さらに、ソフトウェアを使用するユーザーは、ソフトウェアがビルドされた場所と方法の確認ができます。

ソフトウェアで成果物の構成証明を生成する場合は、ビルドの実績を確立し、次の情報など暗号署名付き要求を作成します。

  • アーティファクトに関連付けられているワークフローへのリンク。
  • リポジトリ、組織、環境、コミット SHA、およびアーティファクトのトリガー イベント。
  • 証明の確立に使用する OIDC トークンからのその他の情報。 詳しくは、「OpenID Connect を使ったセキュリティ強化について」を参照してください。

関連するソフトウェア部品表 (SBOM) を含む構成証明を生成することもできます。 ビルドを、その中で使用されるオープンソースの依存関係の一覧に関連付けることで、透明性は提供され、コンシューマーがデータ保護標準に準拠できるようになります。

You can access attestations after a build run, underneath the list of the artifacts the build produced.

For more information, see "アーティファクトの構成証明を使用して構築の実績を確立する."

Configuring a custom artifact retention period

You can define a custom retention period for individual artifacts created by a workflow. When using a workflow to create a new artifact, you can use retention-days with the upload-artifact action. This example demonstrates how to set a custom retention period of 5 days for the artifact named my-artifact:

YAML
  - name: 'Upload Artifact'
    uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
    with:
      name: my-artifact
      path: my_file.txt
      retention-days: 5

The retention-days value cannot exceed the retention limit set by the repository, organization, or enterprise.

Downloading or deleting artifacts

During a workflow run, you can use the download-artifact action to download artifacts that were previously uploaded in the same workflow run.

After a workflow run has been completed, you can download or delete artifacts on GitHub or using the REST API. For more information, see "ワークフローの成果物をダウンロードする," "ワークフローの成果物を削除する," and "GitHub Actions アーティファクトの REST API エンドポイント."

Downloading artifacts during a workflow run

The actions/download-artifact action can be used to download previously uploaded artifacts during a workflow run.

Note: You can only download artifacts in a workflow that were uploaded during the same workflow run.

Specify an artifact's name to download an individual artifact. If you uploaded an artifact without specifying a name, the default name is artifact.

- name: Download a single artifact
  uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
  with:
    name: my-artifact

You can also download all artifacts in a workflow run by not specifying a name. This can be useful if you are working with lots of artifacts.

- name: Download all workflow run artifacts
  uses: actions/download-artifact@v4

If you download all workflow run's artifacts, a directory for each artifact is created using its name.

For more information on syntax, see the actions/download-artifact action.

Passing data between jobs in a workflow

You can use the upload-artifact and download-artifact actions to share data between jobs in a workflow. This example workflow illustrates how to pass data between jobs in the same workflow. For more information, see the actions/upload-artifact and download-artifact actions.

Jobs that are dependent on a previous job's artifacts must wait for the dependent job to complete successfully. This workflow uses the needs keyword to ensure that job_1, job_2, and job_3 run sequentially. For example, job_2 requires job_1 using the needs: job_1 syntax.

Job 1 performs these steps:

  • Performs a math calculation and saves the result to a text file called math-homework.txt.
  • Uses the upload-artifact action to upload the math-homework.txt file with the artifact name homework_pre.

Job 2 uses the result in the previous job:

  • Downloads the homework_pre artifact uploaded in the previous job. By default, the download-artifact action downloads artifacts to the workspace directory that the step is executing in. You can use the path input parameter to specify a different download directory.
  • Reads the value in the math-homework.txt file, performs a math calculation, and saves the result to math-homework.txt again, overwriting its contents.
  • Uploads the math-homework.txt file. As artifacts are considered immutable in v4, the artifact is passed a different input, homework_final, as a name.

Job 3 displays the result uploaded in the previous job:

  • Downloads the homework_final artifact from Job 2.
  • Prints the result of the math equation to the log.

The full math operation performed in this workflow example is (3 + 7) x 9 = 90.

YAML
name: Share data between jobs

on: [push]

jobs:
  job_1:
    name: Add 3 and 7
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - shell: bash
        run: |
          expr 3 + 7 > math-homework.txt
      - name: Upload math result for job 1
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: homework_pre
          path: math-homework.txt

  job_2:
    name: Multiply by 9
    needs: job_1
    runs-on: windows-latest
    steps:
      - name: Download math result for job 1
        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: homework_pre
      - shell: bash
        run: |
          value=`cat math-homework.txt`
          expr $value \* 9 > math-homework.txt
      - name: Upload math result for job 2
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: homework_final
          path: math-homework.txt

  job_3:
    name: Display results
    needs: job_2
    runs-on: macOS-latest
    steps:
      - name: Download math result for job 2
        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: homework_final
      - name: Print the final result
        shell: bash
        run: |
          value=`cat math-homework.txt`
          echo The result is $value

The workflow run will archive any artifacts that it generated. For more information on downloading archived artifacts, see "ワークフローの成果物をダウンロードする."

Further reading