Building and testing Rust

You can create a continuous integration (CI) workflow to build and test your Rust project.

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Introduction

This guide shows you how to build, test, and publish a Rust package.

GitHub-hosted runners have a tools cache with preinstalled software, which includes the dependencies for Rust. For a full list of up-to-date software and the preinstalled versions of Rust, see Sobre executores hospedados no GitHub.

Prerequisites

You should already be familiar with YAML syntax and how it's used with GitHub Actions. For more information, see Sintaxe de fluxo de trabalho para o GitHub Actions.

We recommend that you have a basic understanding of the Rust language. For more information, see Getting started with Rust.

Using a Rust workflow template

Para uma introdução rápida, adicione um modelo de fluxo de trabalho ao diretório .github/workflows do repositório.

GitHub provides a Rust workflow template that should work for most basic Rust projects. The subsequent sections of this guide give examples of how you can customize this workflow template.

  1. Em GitHub, acesse a página principal do repositório.

  2. No nome do repositório, clique em Ações.

    Captura de tela das guias do repositório "github/docs". A guia "Ações" está realçada com um contorno laranja.

  3. Se você já tiver um fluxo de trabalho no repositório, clique em Novo fluxo de trabalho.

  4. The "Choose a workflow" page shows a selection of recommended workflow templates. Search for "Rust".

  5. Filter the selection of workflows by clicking Continuous integration.

  6. On the "Rust - by GitHub Actions" workflow, click Configure.

    Screenshot of the "Choose a workflow" page. The "Configure" button on the "Rust" workflow is highlighted with an orange outline.

  7. Edit the workflow as required. For example, change the version of Rust.

  8. Click Commit changes.

    The rust.yml workflow file is added to the .github/workflows directory of your repository.

Specifying a Rust version

GitHub-hosted runners include a recent version of the Rust toolchain. You can use rustup to report on the version installed on a runner, override the version, and to install different toolchains. For more information, see The rustup book.

This example shows steps you could use to setup your runner environment to use the nightly build of rust and to report the version.

YAML
      - name: Temporarily modify the rust toolchain version
        run: rustup override set nightly
      - name: Output rust version for educational purposes
        run: rustup --version

Caching dependencies

You can cache and restore dependencies using the Cache action. This example assumes that your repository contains a Cargo.lock file.

YAML
      - name: Cache
      - uses: actions/cache@v3
        with:
          path: |
            ~/.cargo/registry
            ~/.cargo/git
            target
          key: ${{ runner.os }}-cargo-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}

If you have custom requirements or need finer controls for caching, you should explore other configuration options for the cache action. For more information, see Memorizar dependências para acelerar os fluxos de trabalho.

Building and testing your code

You can use the same commands that you use locally to build and test your code. This example workflow demonstrates how to use cargo build and cargo test in a job:

YAML
jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    strategy:
      matrix:
        BUILD_TARGET: [release] # refers to a cargo profile
    outputs:
      release_built: ${{ steps.set-output.outputs.release_built }}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Build binaries in "${{ matrix.BUILD_TARGET }}" mode
        run: cargo build --profile ${{ matrix.BUILD_TARGET }}
      - name: Run tests in "${{ matrix.BUILD_TARGET }}" mode
        run: cargo test --profile ${{ matrix.BUILD_TARGET }}

The release keyword used in this example corresponds to a cargo profile. You can use any profile you have defined in your Cargo.toml file.

Publishing your package or library to crates.io

Once you have setup your workflow to build and test your code, you can use a secret to login to crates.io and publish your package.

YAML
      - name: Login into crates.io
        run: cargo login ${{ secrets.CRATES_IO }}
      - name: Build binaries in "release" mode
        run: cargo build -r
      - name: "Package for crates.io"
        run: cargo package # publishes a package as a tarball
      - name: "Publish to crates.io"
        run: cargo publish # publishes your crate as a library that can be added as a dependency

If there are any errors building and packaging the crate, check the metadata in your manifest, Cargo.toml file, see The Manifest Format. You should also check your Cargo.lock file, see Cargo.toml vs Cargo.lock.

Packaging workflow data as artifacts

After a workflow completes, you can upload the resulting artifacts for analysis or to use in another workflow. You could add these example steps to the workflow to upload an application for use by another workflow.

YAML
      - name: Upload release artifact
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: <my-app>
          path: target/${{ matrix.BUILD_TARGET }}/<my-app>

To use the uploaded artifact in a different job, ensure your workflows have the right permissions for the repository, see Autenticação automática de token. You could use these example steps to download the app created in the previous workflow and publish it on GitHub.

YAML
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Download release artifact
        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: <my-app>
          path: ./<my-app>
      - name: Publish built binary to GitHub releases
      - run: |
          gh release create --generate-notes ./<my-app>/<my-project>#<my-app>