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About self-hosted runners for GitHub Actions

GitHub Actions allows users in your enterprise to improve productivity by automating every phase of the software development workflow. For more information, see "About GitHub Actions for enterprises."

With GitHub Actions, developers can write and combine individual tasks called actions to create custom workflows. You can host your own runner machine to execute jobs, and this machine is called a self-hosted runner. Self-hosted runners can be physical, virtual, in a container, on-premises, or in a cloud. Your runner machine connects to GitHub Enterprise Cloud using the GitHub Actions self-hosted runner application. All runners can run Linux, Windows, or macOS. For more information, see "About self-hosted runners."

Alternatively, you can use runner machines that GitHub hosts. GitHub-hosted runners are outside the scope of this guide. For more information, see "Using GitHub-hosted runners."

This guide shows you how to apply a centralized management approach to self-hosted runners for GitHub Actions in your enterprise. In the guide, you'll complete the following tasks.

Configure a limited policy to restrict the actions and reusable workflows that can run within your enterprise
Deploy a self-hosted runner for your enterprise
Create a group to manage access to the runners available to your enterprise
Optionally, further restrict the repositories that can use the runner
Optionally, to build and scale self-hosted runners automatically, use Actions Runner Controller (ARC). For more information, see "About Actions Runner Controller."

You'll also find additional information about how to monitor and secure your self-hosted runners, and how to customize the software on your runner machines.

After you finish the guide, members of your enterprise will be able to run workflow jobs from GitHub Actions on a self-hosted runner machine.

Prerequisites

You must have access to the machine you will use as a self-hosted runner in your environment.
Your enterprise must own at least one organization. For more information, see "About organizations" and "Creating a new organization from scratch."

1. Configure policies for GitHub Actions

First, enable GitHub Actions for all organizations, and configure a policy to restrict the actions and reusable workflows that can run within your enterprise on GitHub Enterprise Cloud. Optionally, organization owners can further restrict these policies for each organization.

In the top-right corner of GitHub, click your profile photo.
Depending on your environment, click Your enterprise, or click Your enterprises then click the enterprise you want to view.
On the left side of the page, in the enterprise account sidebar, click Policies.
Under " Policies", click Actions.
Under "Policies", select Enable for all organizations.
To enable local actions and reusable workflows, and actions created by GitHub, select Allow enterprise, and select non-enterprise, actions and reusable workflows, then select Allow actions created by GitHub.
Click Save.

You can configure additional policies to restrict the actions available to enterprise members. For more information, see "Enforcing policies for GitHub Actions in your enterprise."

2. Deploy the self-hosted runner for your enterprise

Next, add a self-hosted runner to your enterprise. GitHub Enterprise Cloud will guide you through installation of the necessary software on the runner machine. After you deploy the runner, you can verify connectivity between the runner machine and your enterprise.

Adding the self-hosted runner

In the top-right corner of GitHub, click your profile photo.
Depending on your environment, click Your enterprise, or click Your enterprises then click the enterprise you want to view.
On the left side of the page, in the enterprise account sidebar, click Policies.
Under " Policies", click Actions.
Click the Runners tab.
Click New runner, then click New self-hosted runner.
Select the operating system image and architecture of your self-hosted runner machine.
You will see instructions showing you how to download the runner application and install it on your self-hosted runner machine.

Open a shell on your self-hosted runner machine and run each shell command in the order shown.

Note

On Windows, if you want to install the self-hosted runner application as a service, you must open a shell with administrator privileges. We also recommend that you use C:\actions-runner as the directory for the self-hosted runner application so that Windows system accounts can access the runner directory.

The instructions walk you through completing these tasks:
- Downloading and extracting the self-hosted runner application.
- Running the config script to configure the self-hosted runner application and register it with GitHub Actions. The config script requires the destination URL and an automatically-generated time-limited token to authenticate the request.
  - On Windows, the config script also asks if you would like to install the self-hosted runner application as a service. For Linux and macOS, you can install a service after you finish adding the runner. For more information, see "Configuring the self-hosted runner application as a service."
- Running the self-hosted runner application to connect the machine to GitHub Actions.

Checking that your self-hosted runner was successfully added

After completing the steps to add a self-hosted runner, the runner and its status are now listed under "Runners".

The self-hosted runner application must be active for the runner to accept jobs. When the runner application is connected to GitHub Enterprise Cloud and ready to receive jobs, you will see the following message on the machine's terminal.

√ Connected to GitHub

2019-10-24 05:45:56Z: Listening for Jobs

3. Manage access to the self-hosted runner using a group

You can create a runner group to manage access to the runner that you added to your enterprise. You'll use the group to choose which organizations can execute jobs from GitHub Actions on the runner.

GitHub Enterprise Cloud adds all new runners to a group. Runners can be in one group at a time. By default, GitHub Enterprise Cloud adds new runners to the "Default" group.

In the top-right corner of GitHub, click your profile photo.
Depending on your environment, click Your enterprise, or click Your enterprises then click the enterprise you want to view.
On the left side of the page, in the enterprise account sidebar, click Policies.
Under " Policies", click Actions.
Click the Runner groups tab.
Click New runner group.
Under "Group name", type a name for your runner group.
To choose a policy for organization access, under "Organization access", select the Organization access drop-down, and click Selected organizations.
To the right of the drop-down with the organization access policy, click .
Select the organizations you'd like to grant access to the runner group.
Optionally, to allow public repositories in the selected organizations to use runners in the group, select Allow public repositories.

Warning

We recommend that you only use self-hosted runners with private repositories. This is because forks of your public repository can potentially run dangerous code on your self-hosted runner machine by creating a pull request that executes the code in a workflow.

For more information, see "About self-hosted runners."
Click Create group to create the group and apply the policy.
Click the "Runners" tab.
In the list of runners, click the runner that you deployed in the previous section.
Click Edit.
Click Runner groups .
In the list of runner groups, click the name of the group that you previously created.
Click Save to move the runner to the group.

You've now deployed a self-hosted runner that can run jobs from GitHub Actions within the organizations that you specified.

4. Further restrict access to the self-hosted runner

Optionally, organization owners and users with the "Manage organization runners and runner groups" permission can further restrict the access policy of the runner group that you created. For example, an organization owner could allow only certain repositories in the organization to use the runner group.

For more information, see "Managing access to self-hosted runners using groups."

For more information about custom organization roles, see "About custom organization roles."

5. Automatically scale your self-hosted runners

Optionally, you can use Actions Runner Controller (ARC) to automatically scale self-hosted runners. Actions Runner Controller (ARC) is a Kubernetes operator that orchestrates and scales self-hosted runners for GitHub Actions. For more information, see Operator pattern in the Kubernetes documentation.

With ARC, you can create runner scale sets that automatically scale based on the number of workflows running in your repository, organization, or enterprise. Because controlled runners can be ephemeral and based on containers, new runner instances can scale up or down rapidly and cleanly. For more information about autoscaling, see "Autoscaling with self-hosted runners."

Next steps

You can monitor self-hosted runners and troubleshoot common issues. For more information, see "Monitoring and troubleshooting self-hosted runners."
GitHub recommends that you review security considerations for self-hosted runner machines. For more information, see "Security hardening for GitHub Actions."
If you use GitHub Enterprise Server, you can manually sync repositories on GitHub.com containing actions to your enterprise on GitHub Enterprise Server. Alternatively, you can allow members of your enterprise to automatically access actions from GitHub.com by using GitHub Connect. For more information, see the following.
- "Manually syncing actions from GitHub.com" in the GitHub Enterprise Server documentation
- "Enabling automatic access to GitHub.com actions using GitHub Connect" in the GitHub Enterprise Server documentation
You can customize the software available on your self-hosted runner machines, or configure your runners to run software similar to GitHub-hosted runners. The software that powers runner machines for GitHub Actions is open source. For more information, see the actions/runner and actions/runner-images repositories.