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組織の Webhook の失敗した配信を自動的に再配信する

組織の Webhook の失敗した配信を処理するスクリプトを記述できます。

失敗した配信を自動的に再配信する方法について

この記事では、組織の Webhook の失敗した配信を検索して再配信するスクリプトを記述する方法について説明します。 失敗した配信の詳細については、「webhookの失敗した配信の処理」を参照してください。

この例では、次のことを示します。

  • 組織の Webhook の失敗した配信を検出して再配信するスクリプト
  • スクリプトに必要な資格情報と、資格情報を GitHub Actions シークレットとして安全に保存する方法
  • 資格情報に安全にアクセスし、スクリプトを定期的に実行できる GitHub Actions ワークフロー

この例では、GitHub Actions を使用しています。Webhook 配信を処理するサーバーでこのスクリプトを実行することもできます。 詳細については、「Alternative methods」を参照してください。

スクリプトの資格情報を格納する

ビルトインの GITHUB_TOKEN には、Webhook を再配信するための十分なアクセス許可がありません。 この例では、GITHUB_TOKEN の代わりに personal access token を使用します。 または、personal access token を作成する代わりに、GitHub App を作成し、アプリの資格情報を使用して、GitHub Actions ワークフロー中にインストール アクセス トークンを作成することもできます。 詳しくは、「GitHub Actions ワークフローで GitHub App を使用して認証済み API 要求を作成する」を参照してください。

  1. admin:org_hook スコープと repo スコープを使って personal access token を作成します。 詳しくは、「個人用アクセス トークンを管理する」を参照してください。

  2. ワークフローを実行するリポジトリに GitHub Actions シークレットとして personal access token を格納します。 詳しくは、「GitHub Actions でのシークレットの使用」を参照してください。

スクリプトを実行するワークフローを追加する

このセクションでは、GitHub Actions ワークフローを使用して、前のセクションで保存した資格情報に安全にアクセスし、環境変数を設定し、失敗した配信を検出して再配信するスクリプトを定期的に実行する方法について説明します。

この GitHub Actions ワークフローを、ワークフローを 実行するリポジトリの .github/workflows ディレクトリ内の YAML ファイルにコピーします。 次に示すように、Run script 手順のプレースホルダーを置き換えます。

YAML
name: Redeliver failed webhook deliveries
on:
  schedule:
    - cron: '15 */6 * * *'
  workflow_dispatch:

This workflow runs every 6 hours or when manually triggered.

permissions:
  contents: read

This workflow will use the built in GITHUB_TOKEN to check out the repository contents. This grants GITHUB_TOKEN permission to do that.

jobs:
  redeliver-failed-deliveries:
    name: Redeliver failed deliveries
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Check out repo content
        uses: actions/checkout@v4

This workflow will run a script that is stored in the repository. This step checks out the repository contents so that the workflow can access the script.

      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: '18.x'

This step sets up Node.js. The script that this workflow will run uses Node.js.

      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm install octokit

This step installs the octokit library. The script that this workflow will run uses the octokit library.

      - name: Run script
        env:
          TOKEN: ${{ secrets.YOUR_SECRET_NAME }}
          ORGANIZATION_NAME: 'YOUR_ORGANIZATION_NAME'
          HOOK_ID: 'YOUR_HOOK_ID'
          LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME: 'YOUR_LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME'
          HOSTNAME: 'YOUR_HOSTNAME'
          WORKFLOW_REPO_NAME: ${{ github.event.repository.name }}
          WORKFLOW_REPO_OWNER: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
        run: |
          node .github/workflows/scripts/redeliver-failed-deliveries.js

This step sets some environment variables, then runs a script to find and redeliver failed webhook deliveries.

  • Replace YOUR_SECRET_NAME with the name of the secret where you stored your personal access token.
  • Replace YOUR_ORGANIZATION_NAME with the name of the organization where the webhook was created.
  • Replace YOUR_HOOK_ID with the ID of the webhook.
  • Replace YOUR_LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME with the name that you want to use for a configuration variable that will be stored in the repository where this workflow is stored. The name can be any string that contains only alphanumeric characters and _, and does not start with GITHUB_ or a number. For more information, see "変数."
  • Replace YOUR_HOSTNAME with the name of お使いの GitHub Enterprise Server インスタンス.
#
name: Redeliver failed webhook deliveries

# This workflow runs every 6 hours or when manually triggered.
on:
  schedule:
    - cron: '15 */6 * * *'
  workflow_dispatch:

# This workflow will use the built in `GITHUB_TOKEN` to check out the repository contents. This grants `GITHUB_TOKEN` permission to do that.
permissions:
  contents: read

#
jobs:
  redeliver-failed-deliveries:
    name: Redeliver failed deliveries
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      # This workflow will run a script that is stored in the repository. This step checks out the repository contents so that the workflow can access the script.
      - name: Check out repo content
        uses: actions/checkout@v4

      # This step sets up Node.js. The script that this workflow will run uses Node.js.
      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: '18.x'

      # This step installs the octokit library. The script that this workflow will run uses the octokit library.
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm install octokit

      # This step sets some environment variables, then runs a script to find and redeliver failed webhook deliveries.
      # - Replace `YOUR_SECRET_NAME` with the name of the secret where you stored your personal access token.
      # - Replace `YOUR_ORGANIZATION_NAME` with the name of the organization where the webhook was created.
      # - Replace `YOUR_HOOK_ID` with the ID of the webhook.
      # - Replace `YOUR_LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME` with the name that you want to use for a configuration variable that will be stored in the repository where this workflow is stored. The name can be any string that contains only alphanumeric characters and `_`, and does not start with `GITHUB_` or a number. For more information, see "[AUTOTITLE](/actions/learn-github-actions/variables#defining-configuration-variables-for-multiple-workflows)."
      # - Replace `YOUR_HOSTNAME` with the name of お使いの GitHub Enterprise Server インスタンス.
      - name: Run script
        env:
          TOKEN: ${{ secrets.YOUR_SECRET_NAME }}
          ORGANIZATION_NAME: 'YOUR_ORGANIZATION_NAME'
          HOOK_ID: 'YOUR_HOOK_ID'
          LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME: 'YOUR_LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME'
          HOSTNAME: 'YOUR_HOSTNAME'
          WORKFLOW_REPO_NAME: ${{ github.event.repository.name }}
          WORKFLOW_REPO_OWNER: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
        run: |
          node .github/workflows/scripts/redeliver-failed-deliveries.js

スクリプトを追加する

このセクションでは、失敗した配信を検出して再配信するスクリプトを記述する方法について説明します。

このスクリプトを、上記の GitHub Actions ワークフロー ファイルを保存したのと同じリポジトリの .github/workflows/scripts/redeliver-failed-deliveries.js というファイルにコピーします。

JavaScript
const { Octokit } = require("octokit");

This script uses GitHub's Octokit SDK to make API requests. For more information, see "REST API と JavaScript を使用したスクリプト."

async function checkAndRedeliverWebhooks() {
  const TOKEN = process.env.TOKEN;
  const ORGANIZATION_NAME = process.env.ORGANIZATION_NAME;
  const HOOK_ID = process.env.HOOK_ID;
  const LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME = process.env.LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME;
  const HOSTNAME = process.env.HOSTNAME;
  const WORKFLOW_REPO_NAME = process.env.WORKFLOW_REPO_NAME;
  const WORKFLOW_REPO_OWNER = process.env.WORKFLOW_REPO_OWNER;

Get the values of environment variables that were set by the GitHub Actions workflow.

  const octokit = new Octokit({ 
    baseUrl: "http(s)://HOSTNAME/api/v3",
    auth: TOKEN,
  });
  try {

Create an instance of Octokit using the token and hostname values that were set in the GitHub Actions workflow.

    const lastStoredRedeliveryTime = await getVariable({
      variableName: LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME,
      repoOwner: WORKFLOW_REPO_OWNER,
      repoName: WORKFLOW_REPO_NAME,
      octokit,
    });
    const lastWebhookRedeliveryTime = lastStoredRedeliveryTime || (Date.now() - (24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)).toString();

Get the last time that this script ran from the configuration variable. If the variable is not defined, use the current time minus 24 hours.

    const newWebhookRedeliveryTime = Date.now().toString();

Record the time that this script started redelivering webhooks.

    const deliveries = await fetchWebhookDeliveriesSince({
      lastWebhookRedeliveryTime,
      organizationName: ORGANIZATION_NAME,
      hookId: HOOK_ID,
      octokit,
    });

Get the webhook deliveries that were delivered after lastWebhookRedeliveryTime.

    let deliveriesByGuid = {};
    for (const delivery of deliveries) {
      deliveriesByGuid[delivery.guid]
        ? deliveriesByGuid[delivery.guid].push(delivery)
        : (deliveriesByGuid[delivery.guid] = [delivery]);
    }

Consolidate deliveries that have the same globally unique identifier (GUID). The GUID is constant across redeliveries of the same delivery.

    let failedDeliveryIDs = [];
    for (const guid in deliveriesByGuid) {
      const deliveries = deliveriesByGuid[guid];
      const anySucceeded = deliveries.some(
        (delivery) => delivery.status === "OK"
      );
      if (!anySucceeded) {
        failedDeliveryIDs.push(deliveries[0].id);
      }
    }

For each GUID value, if no deliveries for that GUID have been successfully delivered within the time frame, get the delivery ID of one of the deliveries with that GUID.

This will prevent duplicate redeliveries if a delivery has failed multiple times. This will also prevent redelivery of failed deliveries that have already been successfully redelivered.

    for (const deliveryId of failedDeliveryIDs) {
      await redeliverWebhook({
        deliveryId,
        organizationName: ORGANIZATION_NAME,
        hookId: HOOK_ID,
        octokit,
      });
    }

Redeliver any failed deliveries.

    await updateVariable({
      variableName: LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME,
      value: newWebhookRedeliveryTime,
      variableExists: Boolean(lastStoredRedeliveryTime),
      repoOwner: WORKFLOW_REPO_OWNER,
      repoName: WORKFLOW_REPO_NAME,
      octokit,
    });

Update the configuration variable (or create the variable if it doesn't already exist) to store the time that this script started. This value will be used next time this script runs.

    console.log(
      `Redelivered ${
        failedDeliveryIDs.length
      } failed webhook deliveries out of ${
        deliveries.length
      } total deliveries since ${Date(lastWebhookRedeliveryTime)}.`
    );
  } catch (error) {

Log the number of redeliveries.

    if (error.response) {
      console.error(
        `Failed to check and redeliver webhooks: ${error.response.data.message}`
      );
    }
    console.error(error);
    throw(error);
  }
}

If there was an error, log the error so that it appears in the workflow run log, then throw the error so that the workflow run registers as a failure.

async function fetchWebhookDeliveriesSince({
  lastWebhookRedeliveryTime,
  organizationName,
  hookId,
  octokit,
}) {
  const iterator = octokit.paginate.iterator(
    "GET /orgs/{org}/hooks/{hook_id}/deliveries",
    {
      org: organizationName,
      hook_id: hookId,
      per_page: 100,
    }
  );
  const deliveries = [];
  for await (const { data } of iterator) {
    const oldestDeliveryTimestamp = new Date(
      data[data.length - 1].delivered_at
    ).getTime();
    if (oldestDeliveryTimestamp < lastWebhookRedeliveryTime) {
      for (const delivery of data) {
        if (
          new Date(delivery.delivered_at).getTime() > lastWebhookRedeliveryTime
        ) {
          deliveries.push(delivery);
        } else {
          break;
        }
      }
      break;
    } else {
      deliveries.push(...data);
    }
  }
  return deliveries;
}

This function will fetch all of the webhook deliveries that were delivered since lastWebhookRedeliveryTime. It uses the octokit.paginate.iterator() method to iterate through paginated results. For more information, see "REST API と JavaScript を使用したスクリプト."

If a page of results includes deliveries that occurred before lastWebhookRedeliveryTime, it will store only the deliveries that occurred after lastWebhookRedeliveryTime and then stop. Otherwise, it will store all of the deliveries from the page and request the next page.

async function redeliverWebhook({
  deliveryId,
  organizationName,
  hookId,
  octokit,
}) {
  await octokit.request(
    "POST /orgs/{org}/hooks/{hook_id}/deliveries/{delivery_id}/attempts",
    {
      org: organizationName,
      hook_id: hookId,
      delivery_id: deliveryId,
    }
  );
}

This function will redeliver a failed webhook delivery.

async function getVariable({ variableName, repoOwner, repoName, octokit }) {
  try {
    const {
      data: { value },
    } = await octokit.request(
      "GET /repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/variables/{name}",
      {
        owner: repoOwner,
        repo: repoName,
        name: variableName,
      }
    );
    return value;
  } catch (error) {
    if (error.status === 404) {
      return undefined;
    } else {
      throw error;
    }
  }
}

This function gets the value of a configuration variable. If the variable does not exist, the endpoint returns a 404 response and this function returns undefined.

async function updateVariable({
  variableName,
  value,
  variableExists,
  repoOwner,
  repoName,
  octokit,
}) {
  if (variableExists) {
    await octokit.request(
      "PATCH /repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/variables/{name}",
      {
        owner: repoOwner,
        repo: repoName,
        name: variableName,
        value: value,
      }
    );
  } else {
    await octokit.request("POST /repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/variables", {
      owner: repoOwner,
      repo: repoName,
      name: variableName,
      value: value,
    });
  }
}

This function will update a configuration variable (or create the variable if it doesn't already exist). For more information, see "変数."

(async () => {
  await checkAndRedeliverWebhooks();
})();

This will execute the checkAndRedeliverWebhooks function.

// This script uses GitHub's Octokit SDK to make API requests. For more information, see "[AUTOTITLE](/rest/guides/scripting-with-the-rest-api-and-javascript)."
const { Octokit } = require("octokit");

//
async function checkAndRedeliverWebhooks() {
  // Get the values of environment variables that were set by the GitHub Actions workflow.
  const TOKEN = process.env.TOKEN;
  const ORGANIZATION_NAME = process.env.ORGANIZATION_NAME;
  const HOOK_ID = process.env.HOOK_ID;
  const LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME = process.env.LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME;
  const HOSTNAME = process.env.HOSTNAME;
  const WORKFLOW_REPO_NAME = process.env.WORKFLOW_REPO_NAME;
  const WORKFLOW_REPO_OWNER = process.env.WORKFLOW_REPO_OWNER;

  // Create an instance of `Octokit` using the token and hostname values that were set in the GitHub Actions workflow.
  const octokit = new Octokit({ 
    baseUrl: "http(s)://HOSTNAME/api/v3",
    auth: TOKEN,
  });

  try {
    // Get the last time that this script ran from the configuration variable. If the variable is not defined, use the current time minus 24 hours.
    const lastStoredRedeliveryTime = await getVariable({
      variableName: LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME,
      repoOwner: WORKFLOW_REPO_OWNER,
      repoName: WORKFLOW_REPO_NAME,
      octokit,
    });
    const lastWebhookRedeliveryTime = lastStoredRedeliveryTime || (Date.now() - (24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)).toString();

    // Record the time that this script started redelivering webhooks.
    const newWebhookRedeliveryTime = Date.now().toString();

    // Get the webhook deliveries that were delivered after `lastWebhookRedeliveryTime`.
    const deliveries = await fetchWebhookDeliveriesSince({
      lastWebhookRedeliveryTime,
      organizationName: ORGANIZATION_NAME,
      hookId: HOOK_ID,
      octokit,
    });

    // Consolidate deliveries that have the same globally unique identifier (GUID). The GUID is constant across redeliveries of the same delivery.
    let deliveriesByGuid = {};
    for (const delivery of deliveries) {
      deliveriesByGuid[delivery.guid]
        ? deliveriesByGuid[delivery.guid].push(delivery)
        : (deliveriesByGuid[delivery.guid] = [delivery]);
    }

    // For each GUID value, if no deliveries for that GUID have been successfully delivered within the time frame, get the delivery ID of one of the deliveries with that GUID.
    //
    // This will prevent duplicate redeliveries if a delivery has failed multiple times.
    // This will also prevent redelivery of failed deliveries that have already been successfully redelivered.
    let failedDeliveryIDs = [];
    for (const guid in deliveriesByGuid) {
      const deliveries = deliveriesByGuid[guid];
      const anySucceeded = deliveries.some(
        (delivery) => delivery.status === "OK"
      );
      if (!anySucceeded) {
        failedDeliveryIDs.push(deliveries[0].id);
      }
    }

    // Redeliver any failed deliveries.
    for (const deliveryId of failedDeliveryIDs) {
      await redeliverWebhook({
        deliveryId,
        organizationName: ORGANIZATION_NAME,
        hookId: HOOK_ID,
        octokit,
      });
    }

    // Update the configuration variable (or create the variable if it doesn't already exist) to store the time that this script started.
    // This value will be used next time this script runs.
    await updateVariable({
      variableName: LAST_REDELIVERY_VARIABLE_NAME,
      value: newWebhookRedeliveryTime,
      variableExists: Boolean(lastStoredRedeliveryTime),
      repoOwner: WORKFLOW_REPO_OWNER,
      repoName: WORKFLOW_REPO_NAME,
      octokit,
    });

    // Log the number of redeliveries.
    console.log(
      `Redelivered ${
        failedDeliveryIDs.length
      } failed webhook deliveries out of ${
        deliveries.length
      } total deliveries since ${Date(lastWebhookRedeliveryTime)}.`
    );
  } catch (error) {
    // If there was an error, log the error so that it appears in the workflow run log, then throw the error so that the workflow run registers as a failure.
    if (error.response) {
      console.error(
        `Failed to check and redeliver webhooks: ${error.response.data.message}`
      );
    }
    console.error(error);
    throw(error);
  }
}

// This function will fetch all of the webhook deliveries that were delivered since `lastWebhookRedeliveryTime`.
// It uses the `octokit.paginate.iterator()` method to iterate through paginated results. For more information, see "[AUTOTITLE](/rest/guides/scripting-with-the-rest-api-and-javascript#making-paginated-requests)."
//
// If a page of results includes deliveries that occurred before `lastWebhookRedeliveryTime`,
// it will store only the deliveries that occurred after `lastWebhookRedeliveryTime` and then stop.
// Otherwise, it will store all of the deliveries from the page and request the next page.
async function fetchWebhookDeliveriesSince({
  lastWebhookRedeliveryTime,
  organizationName,
  hookId,
  octokit,
}) {
  const iterator = octokit.paginate.iterator(
    "GET /orgs/{org}/hooks/{hook_id}/deliveries",
    {
      org: organizationName,
      hook_id: hookId,
      per_page: 100,
    }
  );

  const deliveries = [];

  for await (const { data } of iterator) {
    const oldestDeliveryTimestamp = new Date(
      data[data.length - 1].delivered_at
    ).getTime();

    if (oldestDeliveryTimestamp < lastWebhookRedeliveryTime) {
      for (const delivery of data) {
        if (
          new Date(delivery.delivered_at).getTime() > lastWebhookRedeliveryTime
        ) {
          deliveries.push(delivery);
        } else {
          break;
        }
      }
      break;
    } else {
      deliveries.push(...data);
    }
  }

  return deliveries;
}

// This function will redeliver a failed webhook delivery.
async function redeliverWebhook({
  deliveryId,
  organizationName,
  hookId,
  octokit,
}) {
  await octokit.request(
    "POST /orgs/{org}/hooks/{hook_id}/deliveries/{delivery_id}/attempts",
    {
      org: organizationName,
      hook_id: hookId,
      delivery_id: deliveryId,
    }
  );
}

// This function gets the value of a configuration variable.
// If the variable does not exist, the endpoint returns a 404 response and this function returns `undefined`.
async function getVariable({ variableName, repoOwner, repoName, octokit }) {
  try {
    const {
      data: { value },
    } = await octokit.request(
      "GET /repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/variables/{name}",
      {
        owner: repoOwner,
        repo: repoName,
        name: variableName,
      }
    );
    return value;
  } catch (error) {
    if (error.status === 404) {
      return undefined;
    } else {
      throw error;
    }
  }
}

// This function will update a configuration variable (or create the variable if it doesn't already exist). For more information, see "[AUTOTITLE](/actions/learn-github-actions/variables#defining-configuration-variables-for-multiple-workflows)."
async function updateVariable({
  variableName,
  value,
  variableExists,
  repoOwner,
  repoName,
  octokit,
}) {
  if (variableExists) {
    await octokit.request(
      "PATCH /repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/variables/{name}",
      {
        owner: repoOwner,
        repo: repoName,
        name: variableName,
        value: value,
      }
    );
  } else {
    await octokit.request("POST /repos/{owner}/{repo}/actions/variables", {
      owner: repoOwner,
      repo: repoName,
      name: variableName,
      value: value,
    });
  }
}

// This will execute the `checkAndRedeliverWebhooks` function.
(async () => {
  await checkAndRedeliverWebhooks();
})();

スクリプトをテストする

スクリプトをテストするには、手動でトリガーします。 詳細については、「ワークフローの手動実行」および「ワークフロー実行ログの使用」を参照してください。

その他の方法

この例では、GitHub Actions を使用して、資格情報を安全に格納し、スケジュールに従ってスクリプトを実行します。 ただし、Webhook 配信を処理するよりもサーバーでこのスクリプトを実行したい場合は、次のことができます。

  • Azure Key Vault のようなシークレット マネージャーなど、別の安全な方法で資格情報を保存します。 新しい場所から資格情報にアクセスするために、スクリプトも更新する必要があります。
  • たとえば、cron ジョブやタスク スケジューラを使用して、サーバー上のスケジュールに従ってスクリプトを実行します。
  • スクリプトを更新して、サーバーがアクセスして更新できる場所に最終実行時間を保存します。 最終実行時間を GitHub Actions シークレットとして保存しないことを選択した場合は、構成変数にアクセスして更新するための API 呼び出しを削除できます。