About testing custom queries
CodeQL provides a simple test framework for automated regression testing of queries. Test your queries to ensure that they behave as expected.
During a query test, CodeQL compares the results the user expects
the query to produce with those actually produced. If the expected and
actual results differ, the query test fails. To fix the test, you should iterate
on the query and the expected results until the actual results and the expected
results exactly match. This topic shows you how to create test files and execute
tests on them using the test run
subcommand.
Setting up a test CodeQL pack for custom queries
All CodeQL tests must be stored in a special "test" CodeQL pack. That is, a directory for test files with a qlpack.yml
file that defines:
name: <name-of-test-pack>
version: 0.0.0
dependencies:
<codeql-libraries-and-queries-to-test>: "*"
extractor: <language-of-code-to-test>
The dependencies
value specifies the CodeQL packs containing queries to test.
Typically, these packs will be resolved from source, and so it is not necessary
to specify a fixed version of the pack. The extractor
defines which language the CLI will use to create test databases from the code files stored in this CodeQL pack. For more information, see "Customizing analysis with CodeQL packs."
You may find it useful to look at the way query tests are organized in the CodeQL repository. Each language has a src
directory, ql/<language>/ql/src
, that contains libraries and queries for analyzing codebases. Alongside the src
directory, there is a test
directory with tests for
these libraries and queries.
Each test
directory is configured as a test CodeQL pack with two subdirectories:
query-tests
a series of subdirectories with tests for queries stored in thesrc
directory. Each subdirectory contains test code and a QL reference file that specifies the query to test.library-tests
a series of subdirectories with tests for QL library files. Each subdirectory contains test code and queries that were written as unit tests for a library.
After creating the qlpack.yml
file, you need to make sure that all of the dependencies are downloaded and available to the CLI. Do this by running the following command in the same directory as the qlpack.yml
file:
codeql pack install
This will generate a codeql-pack.lock.yml
file that specifies all of the transitive dependencies required to run queries in this pack. This file should be checked in to source control.
Setting up the test files for a query
For each query you want to test, you should create a sub-directory in the test CodeQL pack. Then add the following files to the subdirectory before you run the test command:
-
A query reference file (
.qlref
file) defining the location of the query to test. The location is defined relative to the root of the CodeQL pack that contains the query. Usually, this is a CodeQL pack specified in thedependencies
block of the test pack. For more information, see "Query reference files."You do not need to add a query reference file if the query you want to test is stored in the test directory, but it is generally good practice to store queries separately from tests. The only exception is unit tests for QL libraries, which tend to be stored in test packs, separate from queries that generate alerts or paths.
-
The example code you want to run your query against. This should consist of one or more files containing examples of the code the query is designed to identify.
You can also define the results you expect to see when you run the query against
the example code, by creating a file with the extension .expected
. Alternatively, you can leave the test command to create the .expected
file for you.
For an example showing how to create and test a query, see the example below.
Note: Your .ql
, .qlref
, and .expected
files must have consistent names:
-
If you want to directly specify the
.ql
file itself in the test command, it must have the same base name as the corresponding.expected
file. For example, if the query isMyJavaQuery.ql
, the expected results file must beMyJavaQuery.expected
. -
If you want to specify a
.qlref
file in the command, it must have the same base name as the corresponding.expected
file, but the query itself may have a different name. -
The names of the example code files don’t have to be consistent with the other test files. All example code files found next to the
.qlref
(or.ql
) file and in any subdirectories will be used to create a test database. Therefore, for simplicity, we recommend you don’t save test files in directories that are ancestors of each other.
Running codeql test run
CodeQL query tests are executed by running the following command:
codeql test run <test|dir>
The <test|dir>
argument can be one or more of the following:
- Path to a
.ql
file. - Path to a
.qlref
file that references a.ql
file. - Path to a directory that will be searched recursively for
.ql
and.qlref
files.
You can also specify:
--threads:
optionally, the number of threads to use when running queries. The default option is1
. You can specify more threads to speed up query execution. Specifying0
matches the number of threads to the number of logical processors.
For full details of all the options you can use when testing queries, see "test run."
Example
The following example shows you how to set up a test for a query that searches
Java code for if
statements that have empty then
blocks. It includes
steps to add the custom query and corresponding test files to separate CodeQL packs
outside your checkout of the CodeQL repository. This ensures when you update the
CodeQL libraries, or check out a different branch, you won’t overwrite your
custom queries and tests.
Prepare a query and test files
-
Develop the query. For example, the following simple query finds empty
then
blocks in Java code:import java from IfStmt ifstmt where ifstmt.getThen() instanceof EmptyStmt select ifstmt, "This if statement has an empty then."
-
Save the query to a file named
EmptyThen.ql
in a directory with your other custom queries. For example,custom-queries/java/queries/EmptyThen.ql
. -
If you haven’t already added your custom queries to a CodeQL pack, create a CodeQL pack now. For example, if your custom Java queries are stored in
custom-queries/java/queries
, add aqlpack.yml
file with the following contents tocustom-queries/java/queries
:name: my-custom-queries dependencies: codeql/java-queries: "*"
For more information about CodeQL packs, see "Customizing analysis with CodeQL packs."
-
Create a CodeQL pack for your Java tests by adding a
qlpack.yml
file with the following contents tocustom-queries/java/tests
, updating thedependencies
to match the name of your CodeQL pack of custom queries:The following
qlpack.yml
file states thatmy-github-user/my-query-tests
depends onmy-github-user/my-custom-queries
at a version greater than or equal to 1.2.3 and less than 2.0.0. It also declares that the CLI should use the Javaextractor
when creating test databases. Thetests: .
line declares that all.ql
files in the pack should be run as tests whencodeql test run
is run with the--strict-test-discovery
option. Typically, test packs do not contain aversion
property. This prevents you from accidentally publishing them.name: my-github-user/my-query-tests dependencies: my-github-user/my-custom-queries: ^1.2.3 extractor: java tests: .
-
Run
codeql pack install
in the root of the test directory. This generates acodeql-pack.lock.yml
file that specifies all of the transitive dependencies required to run queries in this pack. -
Within the Java test pack, create a directory to contain the test files associated with
EmptyThen.ql
. For example,custom-queries/java/tests/EmptyThen
. -
In the new directory, create
EmptyThen.qlref
to define the location ofEmptyThen.ql
. The path to the query must be specified relative to the root of the CodeQL pack that contains the query. In this case, the query is in the top level directory of the CodeQL pack namedmy-custom-queries
, which is declared as a dependency formy-query-tests
. Therefore,EmptyThen.qlref
should simply containEmptyThen.ql
. -
Create a code snippet to test. The following Java code contains an empty
if
statement on the third line. Save it incustom-queries/java/tests/EmptyThen/Test.java
.class Test { public void problem(String arg) { if (arg.isEmpty()) ; { System.out.println("Empty argument"); } } public void good(String arg) { if (arg.isEmpty()) { System.out.println("Empty argument"); } } }
Execute the test
To execute the test, move into the custom-queries
directory and run codeql test run java/tests/EmptyThen
.
When the test runs, it:
-
Finds one test in the
EmptyThen
directory. -
Extracts a CodeQL database from the
.java
files stored in theEmptyThen
directory. -
Compiles the query referenced by the
EmptyThen.qlref
file.If this step fails, it’s because the CLI can’t find your custom CodeQL pack. Re-run the command and specify the location of your custom CodeQL pack, for example:
codeql test run --search-path=java java/tests/EmptyThen
For information about saving the search path as part of your configuration, see "Specifying command options in a CodeQL configuration file."
-
Executes the test by running the query and generating an
EmptyThen.actual
results file. -
Checks for an
EmptyThen.expected
file to compare with the.actual
results file. -
Reports the results of the test — in this case, a failure:
0 tests passed; 1 tests failed:
. The test failed because we haven’t yet added a file with the expected results of the query.
View the query test output
CodeQL generates the following files in the EmptyThen
directory:
EmptyThen.actual
, a file that contains the actual results generated by the query.EmptyThen.testproj
, a test database that you can load into VS Code and use to debug failing tests. When tests complete successfully, this database is deleted in a housekeeping step. You can override this step by runningtest run
with the--keep-databases
option.
In this case, the failure was expected and is easy to fix. If you open the EmptyThen.actual
file, you can see the results of the test:
| Test.java:3:5:3:22 | stmt | This if statement has an empty then. |
This file contains a table, with a column for the location of the result,
along with separate columns for each part of the select
clause the query outputs.
Since the results are what we expected, we can update the file extension to define
this as the expected result for this test (EmptyThen.expected
).
If you rerun the test now, the output will be similar but it will finish by reporting: All 1 tests passed.
.
If the results of the query change, for example, if you revise the select
statement for the query, the test will fail. For failed results, the CLI output includes a unified diff of the EmptyThen.expected
and EmptyThen.actual
files.
This information may be sufficient to debug trivial test failures.
For failures that are harder to debug, you can import EmptyThen.testproj
into CodeQL for VS Code, execute EmptyThen.ql
, and view the results in the
Test.java
example code. For more information, see "Managing CodeQL databases."