Изменение оболочки в пространстве кода

When you're working in a codespace, you can open a new terminal window with a shell of your choice, change your default shell for new terminal windows, or install a new shell. You can also use dotfiles to configure your shell.

Codespaces that use the default dev container image come with the bash, zsh, and fish shells installed. If you open a new codespace in the VS Code web client, or connect to a codespace over SSH, the terminal opens with a bash session running by default. In the VS Code desktop application, the default shell depends on your local settings and operating system. For more information, see Terminal Profiles in the VS Code documentation.

Changing from the default shell in VS Code

If you don't want to use the default shell, you can open a new terminal session with a different shell.

1. If you cannot see the integrated terminal in VS Code, press Ctrl+`.

2. To the right of the icon for opening a new terminal window, select the dropdown icon.

   

3. In the dropdown menu, click the name of the shell you want to use.

Installing a new shell

If you want to use a shell that isn't already installed in the base image or dev container configuration for a codespace, you can install a new shell.

If you're using the default dev container image, look for installation instructions for Ubuntu Linux. If you just want to use a different shell for one session, you can use the command line to install the shell in the codespace you're working in. However, you may lose programs you have installed if you rebuild the container in the codespace. For more information, see "Deep dive into GitHub Codespaces."

A more robust option for installing new shells is to include the installation commands either in a dotfiles repository, or as a lifecycle command such as postCreateCommand in a devcontainer.json file. You should use a dotfiles repository to install a shell you want to use in all your own codespaces, and a devcontainer.json file for a shell that contributors to a specific repository should have installed. For more information, see "Personalizing GitHub Codespaces for your account" and "Introduction to dev containers."

Adding a VS Code terminal profile for a new shell

VS Code automatically detects most standard shells and adds them as a terminal profile, so you can easily open new terminal windows using the shell you have installed.

If the shell you install isn't detected automatically, you can add a new terminal profile to your user settings. This setting is dependent on your operating system, so you should use linux for the VS Code web client and your local operating system for the desktop application.

1. To open the Visual Studio Code Command Palette, press Command+Shift+P (Mac) or Ctrl+Shift+P (Windows).

2. Start typing "user settings," then click Preferences: Open User Settings (JSON).

3. In the settings.json file, inside the JSON object, add a new property like the following. Replace OPERATING-SYSTEM with the relevant operating system (such as linux, windows, or osx) and SHELL with the shell you have installed.

   JSON

   "terminal.integrated.profiles.OPERATING-SYSTEM": {
     "SHELL": {
       "path": "SHELL"
     }
   }
   

   For example:

   "terminal.integrated.profiles.linux": {
    "csh": {
      "path": "csh"
    }
   }
   

4. Save the file.

You can use Settings Sync to share these settings across all codespaces you open in the VS Code web client and desktop application. If you're working in the web client, Settings Sync is disabled by default, and you must enable Settings Sync to push changes to your settings or pull in new changes you have made elsewhere. For more information, see "Personalizing GitHub Codespaces for your account."

Setting the default shell in VS Code

You can set a default terminal profile to choose the default shell used for all new terminal windows you open in VS Code. The default terminal profile is dependent on your operating system, so you can set a default profile for Linux, if you're using the VS Code web client, or for your local operating system, if you're using the desktop application.

1. To open the Visual Studio Code Command Palette, press Command+Shift+P (Mac) or Ctrl+Shift+P (Windows).

2. Start typing "user settings," then click Preferences: Open User Settings (JSON).

3. Inside the JSON object, to set the default shell for the relevant operating system, add lines or edit existing lines like the following.

   "terminal.integrated.defaultProfile.OPERATING-SYSTEM": "SHELL"
   

   For example:

   JSON

   {
      "terminal.integrated.defaultProfile.osx": "zsh",
      "terminal.integrated.defaultProfile.linux": "bash",
      "terminal.integrated.defaultProfile.windows": "PowerShell"
   }
   

4. Save the settings.json file.

You can use Settings Sync to share these settings across all codespaces you open in the VS Code web client and desktop application. If you're working in the web client, Settings Sync is disabled by default, and you must enable Settings Sync to push changes to your settings or pull in new changes you have made elsewhere. For more information, see "Personalizing GitHub Codespaces for your account."

Setting the default shell over SSH

When you connect to a codespace from the command line over SSH, you connect to a bash session in the codespace by default.

If you have enabled a dotfiles repository for GitHub Codespaces, you can change the default shell you connect to by adding a command to an installation script such as install.sh in your dotfiles. For more information, see "Using GitHub Codespaces with GitHub CLI" and "Personalizing GitHub Codespaces for your account." For example, the following command changes the default shell to zsh.

sudo chsh "$(id -un)" --shell "/usr/bin/zsh"

sudo chsh "$(id -un)" --shell "/usr/bin/zsh"

If you want to use a default shell that isn't installed in your codespace by default, or ensure you have the latest version of the shell, you can install the shell first.

sudo apt-get update -y
sudo apt-get install -y csh
sudo chsh "$(id -un)" --shell "/usr/bin/csh"

sudo apt-get update -y
sudo apt-get install -y csh
sudo chsh "$(id -un)" --shell "/usr/bin/csh"

When you have connected to the codespace, for most shells, you can use the command readlink /proc/$$/exe to check the correct shell is running.

Configuring your shell

With most shells, you have the option of using a configuration file, such as .bashrc, to configure the shell with your preferred settings. These settings can include things like aliases and environment variables.

By default, codespaces contain predefined configuration for the shells that come preinstalled. For example, the home directory in a codespace contains .bashrc and .zshrc files. You can change the contents of these files then use a command like source ~/.bashrc to update your shell configuration. However, you will lose any changes to these files if you rebuild the container in a codespace. For more information, see "Deep dive into GitHub Codespaces."

Generally, you should use a dotfiles repository to configure shells with your preferred settings. The setup in your dotfiles applies to all codespaces you create, and persists over rebuilds of the container. For more information, see "Personalizing GitHub Codespaces for your account."

Troubleshooting the fish shell

The fish shell includes a web-based configuration interface. You can use the fish_config command to start a local web server and launch this interface, then do things like change the terminal prompt or view your environment variables.

You can use the web-based interface for fish in a codespace. However, the color settings in VS Code's integrated terminal depend on your chosen VS Code theme, and you cannot override these settings by setting a new theme in the fish_config interface.

When fish starts the local server, the default link that GitHub Codespaces provides to the forwarded port does not work. For example, if you click Open in Browser on the popup message, you will be taken to an error page.

To access the web-based interface for fish_config:

1. In a terminal running a fish session, enter fish_config.

2. In the terminal output, use Command+click or Ctrl+click to open the link to the web_config HTML file.

   $ fish_config
   Web config started at file:///tmp/web_config60rc9tr3.html
   Hit ENTER to stop.
   

3. In the web_config file, use Command+click or Ctrl+click to open the link to the forwarded port.

   <body>
     <p><a href="http://localhost:8000/1b9411c2469e392b96df5e5b28da485b/">Start the Fish Web config</a></p>
   </body>
   

Further reading

• "Setting your user preferences"
• "Managing your codespaces"