About managing branches
You can use branches to safely experiment with changes to your project. Branches isolate your development work from other branches in the repository. For example, you could use a branch to develop a new feature or fix a bug.
You always create a branch from an existing branch. Typically, you might create a branch from the default branch of your repository. You can then work on this new branch in isolation from changes that other people are making to the repository.
You can also create a branch starting from a previous commit in a branch's history. This can be helpful if you need to return to an earlier view of the repository to investigate a bug, or to create a hot fix on top of your latest release.
Once you're satisfied with your work, you can create a pull request to merge your changes in the current branch into another branch. For more information, see "Creating an issue or pull request from GitHub Desktop" and "Сведения о запросах на вытягивание."
You can always create a branch in GitHub Desktop if you have read access to a repository, but you can only push the branch to GitHub if you have write access to the repository.
Администраторы репозитория могут включать защиты в ветви. Если вы работаете с защищенной ветвью, то не сможете удалить или принудительно отправить ее в ветвь. Администраторы репозитория могут включить другие параметры защищенной ветви для применения определенных рабочих процессов, прежде чем можно будет выполнить слияние для ветви. Дополнительные сведения см. в разделе "Сведения о защищенных ветвях".
Repository administrators can also enable rulesets. Rulesets can be used to require specific branch names when creating a new branch, or to allow only users with bypass permissions to publish a new branch to the remote repository. GitHub Desktop will show a warning and prevent the branch from being created if the branch does not follow the rulesets. For more information, see "Сведения о наборе правил."
Creating a branch
Tip: The first new branch you create will be based on the default branch. If you have more than one branch, you can choose to base the new branch on the currently checked out branch or the default branch.
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В верхней части приложения щелкните Current Branch , а затем в списке ветвей щелкните ветвь, на которой вы хотите создать ветвь.
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Щелкните Новая ветвь.
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В окне "Создать ветвь" в поле "Имя" введите имя новой ветви.
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В разделе "Создать ветвь на основе..." выберите базовую ветвь для новой ветви.
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Щелкните Создать ветвь.
Creating a branch from a previous commit
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На левой боковой панели нажмите кнопку "Журнал".
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Right-click on the commit you would like to create a new branch from and select Create Branch from Commit.
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В окне "Создать ветвь" в поле "Имя" введите имя новой ветви.
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Щелкните Создать ветвь.
Publishing a branch
If you create a branch on GitHub, you'll need to publish the branch to make it available for collaboration on GitHub.
- In the repository bar, click Current Branch, then click the branch that you want to publish.
- Click Publish branch.
Switching between branches
You can view and make commits to any of your repository's branches. If you have uncommitted, saved changes, you'll need to decide what to do with your changes before you can switch branches. You can commit your changes on the current branch, stash your changes to temporarily save them on the current branch, or bring the changes to your new branch. If you want to commit your changes before switching branches, see "Committing and reviewing changes to your project in GitHub Desktop."
Tip: You can set a default behavior for switching branches in the Advanced settings. For more information, see "Configuring basic settings in GitHub Desktop."
- In the repository bar, click Current Branch, then click the branch that you want to switch to.
- If you have saved, uncommitted changes, in the "Switch Branch" window, select Leave my changes on CURRENT-BRANCH or Bring my changes to NEW-BRANCH, then click Switch Branch.
Deleting a branch
You can't delete a branch if it's currently associated with an open pull request. You cannot undo deleting a branch.
- На панели репозитория щелкните Current Branch, а затем щелкните ветвь, которую нужно удалить.
- В строке меню щелкните Ветвь, а затем нажмите кнопку Удалить. Можно также нажать клавиши SHIFT+COMMAND+D.
- На панели репозитория щелкните Current Branch, а затем щелкните ветвь, которую нужно удалить.
- В строке меню щелкните Ветвь, а затем нажмите кнопку Удалить. Можно также нажать клавиши CTRL+SHIFT+D.
Further reading
- "Клонирование репозитория из GitHub в GitHub Desktop"
- "Глоссарий GitHub" in the GitHub glossary
- "О ветвях"
- "Branches in a Nutshell" in the Git documentation
- "Stashing changes in GitHub Desktop"