This version of GitHub Enterprise Server was discontinued on 2024-09-25. No patch releases will be made, even for critical security issues. For better performance, improved security, and new features, upgrade to the latest version of GitHub Enterprise Server. For help with the upgrade, contact GitHub Enterprise support.

Accessing the administrative shell (SSH)

SSH access allows you to run the GitHub Enterprise Server command line utilities to troubleshoot, run backups, and configure replication.

In this article

About administrative shell access

If you have SSH access to the administrative shell, you can run GitHub Enterprise Server's command line utilities. SSH access is also useful for troubleshooting, running backups, and configuring replication. Administrative SSH access is managed separately from Git SSH access and is accessible only via port 122.

Enabling access to the administrative shell via SSH

To enable administrative SSH access, you must add your SSH public key to your instance's list of authorized keys. For more information, see "Generating a new SSH key and adding it to the ssh-agent."

  1. From an administrative account on GitHub Enterprise Server, in the upper-right corner of any page, click .
  2. If you're not already on the "Site admin" page, in the upper-left corner, click Site admin.
  3. In the " Site admin" sidebar, click Management Console.
  4. Under "SSH access", paste your key into the "Add new SSH key" text box, then click Add key. The change takes effect immediately, so you do not need to click Save settings.

Connecting to the administrative shell over SSH

After you've added your SSH key to the list, connect to the instance over SSH as the admin user on port 122.

$ ssh -p 122 admin@github.example.com
Last login: Sun Nov 9 07:53:29 2014 from 169.254.1.1
admin@github-example-com:~$ █

Troubleshooting SSH connection problems

If you encounter the Permission denied (publickey) error when you try to connect to your GitHub Enterprise Server instance via SSH, confirm that you are connecting over port 122. You may need to explicitly specify which private SSH key to use.

To specify a private SSH key using the command line, run ssh with the -i argument.

ssh -i /path/to/ghe_private_key -p 122 admin@HOSTNAME

You can also specify a private SSH key using the SSH configuration file (~/.ssh/config).

Host HOSTNAME
  IdentityFile /path/to/ghe_private_key
  User admin
  Port 122

Accessing the administrative shell using the local console

In an emergency situation, for example if SSH is unavailable, you can access the administrative shell locally. Sign in as the admin user and use the password established during initial setup of GitHub Enterprise Server.

Access limitations for the administrative shell

Administrative shell access is permitted for troubleshooting and performing documented operations procedures only. Modifying system and application files, running programs, or installing unsupported software packages may void your support contract. Please visit GitHub Enterprise Support if you have a question about the activities allowed by your support contract.