Refactoring to implement a design pattern

Copilot Chat can suggest design patterns that you can use to improve your code.

In this article

Code that doesn’t follow established design patterns (like Singleton, Factory, or Observer) can lead to issues like tight coupling, lack of flexibility, or duplicated code.

Copilot Chat can help you use appropriate design patterns to make your code more flexible and maintainable. For example, it can recommend converting repetitive instantiations into a Factory pattern, or using the Observer pattern to decouple tightly connected classes.

Note

The responses described in this article are examples. Copilot Chat responses are non-deterministic, so you may get different responses from the ones shown here.

Example scenario

This JavaScript code creates three Person objects, each with name and age properties. It then uses the name of a person to retrieve and print their age.

class Person {
  constructor(name, age) {
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
  }
}

var people = {};

function addPerson(name, age) {
  people[name] = new Person(name, age);
}

function getAge(name) {
  if (people[name]) {
    console.log(name + " is " + people[name].age + " years old.");
  } else {
    console.log("Person not found.");
  }
}

addPerson("Ana", 30);
addPerson("Mario", 25);
addPerson("Louise", 40);

getAge("Mario");

Example prompt 1

What design patterns could improve this code? Don't show me code examples.

Example response 1

Copilot suggests the following patterns:

  • Singleton pattern: to ensure that there is only one instance of the people object.
  • Factory pattern: to create a factory for creating Person objects.
  • Module pattern: to encapsulate the people object and related functions within a module to avoid polluting the global namespace.

Example prompt 2

You can now ask Copilot to implement the pattern that you feel is most appropriate.

Refactor this code using the module pattern

Example response 2

const PersonModule = (function() {
  class Person {
    constructor(name, age) {
      this.name = name;
      this.age = age;
    }
  }

  const people = {};

  function addPerson(name, age) {
    people[name] = new Person(name, age);
  }

  function getAge(name) {
    if (people[name]) {
      console.log(name + " is " + people[name].age + " years old.");
    } else {
      console.log("Person not found.");
    }
  }

  return {
    addPerson,
    getAge
  };
})();

PersonModule.addPerson("Ana", 30);
PersonModule.addPerson("Mario", 25);
PersonModule.addPerson("Louise", 40);

PersonModule.getAge("Mario");

The module pattern improves code organization, enhances data privacy, and reduces the risk of naming conflicts, making the code more maintainable and scalable.

Further reading