Introduction
This guide shows you workflow examples that configure a service container using the Docker Hub postgres
image. The workflow runs a script that connects to the PostgreSQL service, creates a table, and then populates it with data. To test that the workflow creates and populates the PostgreSQL table, the script prints the data from the table to the console.
Hinweis
Wenn bei deinen Workflows Docker-Containeraktionen, Auftragscontainer oder Dienstcontainer verwendet werden, musst du einen Linux-Runner nutzen:
- Wenn du GitHub-gehostete Runner verwendest, musst du einen Ubuntu-Runner verwenden.
- Wenn du selbst gehostete Läufer verwendest, musst du einen Linux-Rechner als deinen Läufer verwenden und Docker muss installiert sein.
Prerequisites
Du solltest damit vertraut sein, wie Service-Container mit GitHub Actions arbeiten und die Netzwerkunterschiede kennen zwischen dem Laufen lassen von Aufträgen direkt auf dem Läufer oder in einem Container. Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter Informationen zu Service-Containern.
You may also find it helpful to have a basic understanding of YAML, the syntax for GitHub Actions, and PostgreSQL. For more information, see:
- Writing workflows
- PostgreSQL tutorial in the PostgreSQL documentation
Running jobs in containers
Das Konfigurieren von Aufträgen für die Ausführung in einem Container vereinfacht die Netzwerkkonfigurationen zwischen dem Auftrag und den Dienstcontainern. Docker-Container im gleichen benutzerdefinierten Bridge-Netzwerk exponieren gegenseitig alle Ports, sodass Du keinen der Servicecontainer-Ports dem Docker-Host zuordnen musst. Mit der im Workflow konfigurierten Kennzeichnung kannst Du vom Auftrags-Container her auf den Dienst-Container zugreifen.
Du kannst diese Workflowdatei in das .github/workflows
-Verzeichnis deines Repositorys kopieren und nach Bedarf ändern.
name: PostgreSQL service example on: push jobs: # Label of the container job container-job: # Containers must run in Linux based operating systems runs-on: ubuntu-latest # Docker Hub image that `container-job` executes in container: node:20-bookworm-slim # Service containers to run with `container-job` services: # Label used to access the service container postgres: # Docker Hub image image: postgres # Provide the password for postgres env: POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres # Set health checks to wait until postgres has started options: >- --health-cmd pg_isready --health-interval 10s --health-timeout 5s --health-retries 5 steps: # Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests - name: Check out repository code uses: actions/checkout@v4 # Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file # For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html - name: Install dependencies run: npm ci - name: Connect to PostgreSQL # Runs a script that creates a PostgreSQL table, populates # the table with data, and then retrieves the data. run: node client.js # Environment variables used by the `client.js` script to create a new PostgreSQL table. env: # The hostname used to communicate with the PostgreSQL service container POSTGRES_HOST: postgres # The default PostgreSQL port POSTGRES_PORT: 5432
name: PostgreSQL service example
on: push
jobs:
# Label of the container job
container-job:
# Containers must run in Linux based operating systems
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
# Docker Hub image that `container-job` executes in
container: node:20-bookworm-slim
# Service containers to run with `container-job`
services:
# Label used to access the service container
postgres:
# Docker Hub image
image: postgres
# Provide the password for postgres
env:
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
# Set health checks to wait until postgres has started
options: >-
--health-cmd pg_isready
--health-interval 10s
--health-timeout 5s
--health-retries 5
steps:
# Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests
- name: Check out repository code
uses: actions/checkout@v4
# Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file
# For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html
- name: Install dependencies
run: npm ci
- name: Connect to PostgreSQL
# Runs a script that creates a PostgreSQL table, populates
# the table with data, and then retrieves the data.
run: node client.js
# Environment variables used by the `client.js` script to create a new PostgreSQL table.
env:
# The hostname used to communicate with the PostgreSQL service container
POSTGRES_HOST: postgres
# The default PostgreSQL port
POSTGRES_PORT: 5432
Configuring the runner job for jobs in containers
Dieser Workflow konfiguriert einen Auftrag, der im Container node:20-bookworm-slim
ausgeführt wird, und nutzt den GitHub-gehosteten Runner ubuntu-latest
als Docker-Host für den Container. Weitere Informationen zum Container node:20-bookworm-slim
findest Du im Knotenimage auf Docker Hub.
Der Workflow konfiguriert einen Dienstcontainer mit der Bezeichnung postgres
. Alle Dienste müssen in einem Container ausgeführt werden, daher erfordert jeder Dienst die Angabe des Containers image
. Dieses Beispiel verwendet das postgres
-Containerimage, stellt das standardmäßige PostgreSQL-Passwort bereit und enthält Optionen für Systemdiagnosen, um sicherzustellen, dass der Dienst ausgeführt wird. Weitere Informationen findest du unter postgres-Image auf Docker Hub.
jobs: # Label of the container job container-job: # Containers must run in Linux based operating systems runs-on: ubuntu-latest # Docker Hub image that `container-job` executes in container: node:20-bookworm-slim # Service containers to run with `container-job` services: # Label used to access the service container postgres: # Docker Hub image image: postgres # Provide the password for postgres env: POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres # Set health checks to wait until postgres has started options: >- --health-cmd pg_isready --health-interval 10s --health-timeout 5s --health-retries 5
jobs:
# Label of the container job
container-job:
# Containers must run in Linux based operating systems
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
# Docker Hub image that `container-job` executes in
container: node:20-bookworm-slim
# Service containers to run with `container-job`
services:
# Label used to access the service container
postgres:
# Docker Hub image
image: postgres
# Provide the password for postgres
env:
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
# Set health checks to wait until postgres has started
options: >-
--health-cmd pg_isready
--health-interval 10s
--health-timeout 5s
--health-retries 5
Configuring the steps for jobs in containers
Der Workflow führt die folgenden Schritte aus:
- Auschecken des Repository auf dem Läufer
- Installieren von Abhängigkeiten
- Ausführen eines Script, um einen Client zu erstellen
steps: # Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests - name: Check out repository code uses: actions/checkout@v4 # Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file # For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html - name: Install dependencies run: npm ci - name: Connect to PostgreSQL # Runs a script that creates a PostgreSQL table, populates # the table with data, and then retrieves the data. run: node client.js # Environment variable used by the `client.js` script to create # a new PostgreSQL client. env: # The hostname used to communicate with the PostgreSQL service container POSTGRES_HOST: postgres # The default PostgreSQL port POSTGRES_PORT: 5432
steps:
# Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests
- name: Check out repository code
uses: actions/checkout@v4
# Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file
# For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html
- name: Install dependencies
run: npm ci
- name: Connect to PostgreSQL
# Runs a script that creates a PostgreSQL table, populates
# the table with data, and then retrieves the data.
run: node client.js
# Environment variable used by the `client.js` script to create
# a new PostgreSQL client.
env:
# The hostname used to communicate with the PostgreSQL service container
POSTGRES_HOST: postgres
# The default PostgreSQL port
POSTGRES_PORT: 5432
Das client.js-Skript sucht nach den Umgebungsvariablen POSTGRES_HOST
und POSTGRES_PORT
, um den Client zu erstellen. Der Workflow legt diese beiden Umgebungsvariablen im Rahmen des Schritts „Mit PostgreSQL verbinden“ fest, um sie dem client.js-Skript zur Verfügung zu stellen. Weitere Informationen zum Skript findest du unter Testen des PostgreSQL-Dienstcontainers.
The hostname of the PostgreSQL service is the label you configured in your workflow, in this case, postgres
. Because Docker containers on the same user-defined bridge network open all ports by default, you'll be able to access the service container on the default PostgreSQL port 5432.
Running jobs directly on the runner machine
When you run a job directly on the runner machine, you'll need to map the ports on the service container to ports on the Docker host. You can access service containers from the Docker host using localhost
and the Docker host port number.
Du kannst diese Workflowdatei in das .github/workflows
-Verzeichnis deines Repositorys kopieren und nach Bedarf ändern.
name: PostgreSQL Service Example on: push jobs: # Label of the runner job runner-job: # You must use a Linux environment when using service containers or container jobs runs-on: ubuntu-latest # Service containers to run with `runner-job` services: # Label used to access the service container postgres: # Docker Hub image image: postgres # Provide the password for postgres env: POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres # Set health checks to wait until postgres has started options: >- --health-cmd pg_isready --health-interval 10s --health-timeout 5s --health-retries 5 ports: # Maps tcp port 5432 on service container to the host - 5432:5432 steps: # Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests - name: Check out repository code uses: actions/checkout@v4 # Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file # For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html - name: Install dependencies run: npm ci - name: Connect to PostgreSQL # Runs a script that creates a PostgreSQL table, populates # the table with data, and then retrieves the data run: node client.js # Environment variables used by the `client.js` script to create # a new PostgreSQL table. env: # The hostname used to communicate with the PostgreSQL service container POSTGRES_HOST: localhost # The default PostgreSQL port POSTGRES_PORT: 5432
name: PostgreSQL Service Example
on: push
jobs:
# Label of the runner job
runner-job:
# You must use a Linux environment when using service containers or container jobs
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
# Service containers to run with `runner-job`
services:
# Label used to access the service container
postgres:
# Docker Hub image
image: postgres
# Provide the password for postgres
env:
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
# Set health checks to wait until postgres has started
options: >-
--health-cmd pg_isready
--health-interval 10s
--health-timeout 5s
--health-retries 5
ports:
# Maps tcp port 5432 on service container to the host
- 5432:5432
steps:
# Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests
- name: Check out repository code
uses: actions/checkout@v4
# Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file
# For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html
- name: Install dependencies
run: npm ci
- name: Connect to PostgreSQL
# Runs a script that creates a PostgreSQL table, populates
# the table with data, and then retrieves the data
run: node client.js
# Environment variables used by the `client.js` script to create
# a new PostgreSQL table.
env:
# The hostname used to communicate with the PostgreSQL service container
POSTGRES_HOST: localhost
# The default PostgreSQL port
POSTGRES_PORT: 5432
Configuring the runner job for jobs directly on the runner machine
Im Beispiel wird der GitHub-gehostete Runner ubuntu-latest
als Docker-Host verwendet.
Der Workflow konfiguriert einen Dienstcontainer mit der Bezeichnung postgres
. Alle Dienste müssen in einem Container ausgeführt werden, daher erfordert jeder Dienst die Angabe des Containers image
. Dieses Beispiel verwendet das postgres
-Containerimage, stellt das standardmäßige PostgreSQL-Passwort bereit und enthält Optionen für Systemdiagnosen, um sicherzustellen, dass der Dienst ausgeführt wird. Weitere Informationen findest du unter postgres-Image auf Docker Hub.
The workflow maps port 5432 on the PostgreSQL service container to the Docker host. For more information about the ports
keyword, see Informationen zu Service-Containern.
jobs: # Label of the runner job runner-job: # You must use a Linux environment when using service containers or container jobs runs-on: ubuntu-latest # Service containers to run with `runner-job` services: # Label used to access the service container postgres: # Docker Hub image image: postgres # Provide the password for postgres env: POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres # Set health checks to wait until postgres has started options: >- --health-cmd pg_isready --health-interval 10s --health-timeout 5s --health-retries 5 ports: # Maps tcp port 5432 on service container to the host - 5432:5432
jobs:
# Label of the runner job
runner-job:
# You must use a Linux environment when using service containers or container jobs
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
# Service containers to run with `runner-job`
services:
# Label used to access the service container
postgres:
# Docker Hub image
image: postgres
# Provide the password for postgres
env:
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
# Set health checks to wait until postgres has started
options: >-
--health-cmd pg_isready
--health-interval 10s
--health-timeout 5s
--health-retries 5
ports:
# Maps tcp port 5432 on service container to the host
- 5432:5432
Configuring the steps for jobs directly on the runner machine
Der Workflow führt die folgenden Schritte aus:
- Auschecken des Repository auf dem Läufer
- Installieren von Abhängigkeiten
- Ausführen eines Script, um einen Client zu erstellen
steps: # Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests - name: Check out repository code uses: actions/checkout@v4 # Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file # For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html - name: Install dependencies run: npm ci - name: Connect to PostgreSQL # Runs a script that creates a PostgreSQL table, populates # the table with data, and then retrieves the data run: node client.js # Environment variables used by the `client.js` script to create # a new PostgreSQL table. env: # The hostname used to communicate with the PostgreSQL service container POSTGRES_HOST: localhost # The default PostgreSQL port POSTGRES_PORT: 5432
steps:
# Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests
- name: Check out repository code
uses: actions/checkout@v4
# Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file
# For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html
- name: Install dependencies
run: npm ci
- name: Connect to PostgreSQL
# Runs a script that creates a PostgreSQL table, populates
# the table with data, and then retrieves the data
run: node client.js
# Environment variables used by the `client.js` script to create
# a new PostgreSQL table.
env:
# The hostname used to communicate with the PostgreSQL service container
POSTGRES_HOST: localhost
# The default PostgreSQL port
POSTGRES_PORT: 5432
Das client.js-Skript sucht nach den Umgebungsvariablen POSTGRES_HOST
und POSTGRES_PORT
, um den Client zu erstellen. Der Workflow legt diese beiden Umgebungsvariablen im Rahmen des Schritts „Mit PostgreSQL verbinden“ fest, um sie dem client.js-Skript zur Verfügung zu stellen. Weitere Informationen zum Skript findest du unter Testen des PostgreSQL-Dienstcontainers.
Der Hostname ist localhost
oder 127.0.0.1
.
Testing the PostgreSQL service container
You can test your workflow using the following script, which connects to the PostgreSQL service and adds a new table with some placeholder data. The script then prints the values stored in the PostgreSQL table to the terminal. Your script can use any language you'd like, but this example uses Node.js and the pg
npm module. For more information, see the npm pg module.
You can modify client.js to include any PostgreSQL operations needed by your workflow. In this example, the script connects to the PostgreSQL service, adds a table to the postgres
database, inserts some placeholder data, and then retrieves the data.
Füge deinem Repository eine neue Datei namens client.js mit dem folgenden Code hinzu.
const { Client } = require('pg'); const pgclient = new Client({ host: process.env.POSTGRES_HOST, port: process.env.POSTGRES_PORT, user: 'postgres', password: 'postgres', database: 'postgres' }); pgclient.connect(); const table = 'CREATE TABLE student(id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, firstName VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL, lastName VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL, age INT, address VARCHAR(80), email VARCHAR(40))' const text = 'INSERT INTO student(firstname, lastname, age, address, email) VALUES($1, $2, $3, $4, $5) RETURNING *' const values = ['Mona the', 'Octocat', 9, '88 Colin P Kelly Jr St, San Francisco, CA 94107, United States', 'octocat@github.com'] pgclient.query(table, (err, res) => { if (err) throw err }); pgclient.query(text, values, (err, res) => { if (err) throw err }); pgclient.query('SELECT * FROM student', (err, res) => { if (err) throw err console.log(err, res.rows) // Print the data in student table pgclient.end() });
const { Client } = require('pg');
const pgclient = new Client({
host: process.env.POSTGRES_HOST,
port: process.env.POSTGRES_PORT,
user: 'postgres',
password: 'postgres',
database: 'postgres'
});
pgclient.connect();
const table = 'CREATE TABLE student(id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, firstName VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL, lastName VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL, age INT, address VARCHAR(80), email VARCHAR(40))'
const text = 'INSERT INTO student(firstname, lastname, age, address, email) VALUES($1, $2, $3, $4, $5) RETURNING *'
const values = ['Mona the', 'Octocat', 9, '88 Colin P Kelly Jr St, San Francisco, CA 94107, United States', 'octocat@github.com']
pgclient.query(table, (err, res) => {
if (err) throw err
});
pgclient.query(text, values, (err, res) => {
if (err) throw err
});
pgclient.query('SELECT * FROM student', (err, res) => {
if (err) throw err
console.log(err, res.rows) // Print the data in student table
pgclient.end()
});
The script creates a new connection to the PostgreSQL service, and uses the POSTGRES_HOST
and POSTGRES_PORT
environment variables to specify the PostgreSQL service IP address and port. If host
and port
are not defined, the default host is localhost
and the default port is 5432.
The script creates a table and populates it with placeholder data. To test that the postgres
database contains the data, the script prints the contents of the table to the console log.
When you run this workflow, you should see the following output in the "Connect to PostgreSQL" step, which confirms that you successfully created the PostgreSQL table and added data:
null [ { id: 1,
firstname: 'Mona the',
lastname: 'Octocat',
age: 9,
address:
'88 Colin P Kelly Jr St, San Francisco, CA 94107, United States',
email: 'octocat@github.com' } ]