About branch protection rules
You can enforce certain workflows or requirements before a collaborator can push changes to a branch in your repository, including merging a pull request into the branch, by creating a branch protection rule.
By default, each branch protection rule disables force pushes to the matching branches and prevents the matching branches from being deleted. You can optionally disable these restrictions and enable additional branch protection settings.
By default, the restrictions of a branch protection rule don't apply to people with admin permissions to the repository. You can optionally choose to include administrators, too.
您可以在仓库中为特定分支、所有分支或者与使用 fnmatch 语法指定的命名模式匹配的任何分支创建分支保护规则。 例如，要保护包含文字 release 的任何分支，您可以为 *release* 创建分支规则。 For more information about branch name patterns, see "Managing a branch protection rule."
您可以配置拉取请求在满足所有合并要求时自动合并。 更多信息请参阅“自动合并拉取请求”。
About branch protection settings
For each branch protection rule, you can choose to enable or disable the following settings.
For more information on how to set up branch protection, see "Managing a branch protection rule."
Require pull request reviews before merging
仓库管理员可以要求所有拉取请求在有人将拉取请求合并到受保护分支之前获得特定数量的批准审查。 您可以要求仓库中具有写入权限的人或指定代码所有者批准审查。
If you enable required reviews, collaborators can only push changes to a protected branch via a pull request that is approved by the required number of reviewers with write permissions.
If a person with admin permissions chooses the Request changes option in a review, then that person must approve the pull request before the pull request can be merged. If a reviewer who requests changes on a pull request isn't available, anyone with write permissions for the repository can dismiss the blocking review.
即使在所有必需的审查者已经批准拉取请求之后，如果还有其他打开的拉取请求有头部分支指向同一待处理或拒绝审查的评论，协作者也不能合并拉请求。 具有写入权限的人必须先批准或取消对其他拉取请求的阻止审查。
If a collaborator attempts to merge a pull request with pending or rejected reviews into the protected branch, the collaborator will receive an error message.
remote: error: GH006: Protected branch update failed for refs/heads/main.
remote: error: Changes have been requested.Optionally, you can choose to dismiss stale pull request approvals when commits are pushed. If anyone pushes a commit that modifies code to an approved pull request, the approval will be dismissed, and the pull request cannot be merged. This doesn't apply if the collaborator pushes commits that don't modify code, like merging the base branch into the pull request's branch. For information about the base branch, see "About pull requests."
Optionally, you can restrict the ability to dismiss pull request reviews to specific people or teams. For more information, see "Dismissing a pull request review."
Optionally, you can choose to require reviews from code owners. If you do, any pull request that affects code with a code owner must be approved by that code owner before the pull request can be merged into the protected branch.
Require status checks before merging
Required status checks ensure that all required CI tests are passing before collaborators can make changes to a protected branch. Required status checks can be checks or statuses. For more information, see "About status checks."
Before you can enable required status checks, you must configure the repository to use the status API. For more information, see "Repositories" in the REST documentation.
After enabling required status checks, all required status checks must pass before collaborators can merge changes into the protected branch. After all required status checks pass, any commits must either be pushed to another branch and then merged or pushed directly to the protected branch.
Note: Any person or integration with write permissions to a repository can set the state of any status check in the repository. GitHub does not verify that the author of a check is authorized to create a check with a certain name or modify an existing status. Before merging a pull request, you should verify that the author of each status, listed in the merge box, is expected.
You can set up required status checks to either be "loose" or "strict." The type of required status check you choose determines whether your branch is required to be up to date with the base branch before merging.
| Type of required status check | Setting | Merge requirements | Considerations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Strict | The Require branches to be up to date before merging checkbox is checked. | The branch must be up to date with the base branch before merging. | This is the default behavior for required status checks. More builds may be required, as you'll need to bring the head branch up to date after other collaborators merge pull requests to the protected base branch. |
| Loose | The Require branches to be up to date before merging checkbox is not checked. | The branch does not have to be up to date with the base branch before merging. | You'll have fewer required builds, as you won't need to bring the head branch up to date after other collaborators merge pull requests. Status checks may fail after you merge your branch if there are incompatible changes with the base branch. |
| Disabled | The Require status checks to pass before merging checkbox is not checked. | The branch has no merge restrictions. | If required status checks aren't enabled, collaborators can merge the branch at any time, regardless of whether it is up to date with the base branch. This increases the possibility of incompatible changes. |
For troubleshooting information, see "Troubleshooting required status checks."
Require conversation resolution before merging
Requires all comments on the pull request to be resolved before it can be merged to a protected branch. This ensures that all comments are addressed or acknowledged before merge.
Require signed commits
When you enable required commit signing on a branch, contributors and bots can only push commits that have been signed and verified to the branch. For more information, see "About commit signature verification."
Notes:
- If you have enabled vigilant mode, which indicates that your commits will always be signed, any commits that GitHub identifies as "Partially verified" are permitted on branches that require signed commits. For more information about vigilant mode, see "Displaying verification statuses for all of your commits."
- If a collaborator pushes an unsigned commit to a branch that requires commit signatures, the collaborator will need to rebase the commit to include a verified signature, then force push the rewritten commit to the branch.
You can always push local commits to the branch if the commits are signed and verified. You can also merge signed and verified commits into the branch using a pull request on GitHub. However, you cannot squash and merge a pull request into the branch on GitHub unless you are the author of the pull request. You can squash and merge pull requests locally. For more information, see "Checking out pull requests locally."
For more information about merge methods, see "About merge methods on GitHub."
Require linear history
Enforcing a linear commit history prevents collaborators from pushing merge commits to the branch. This means that any pull requests merged into the protected branch must use a squash merge or a rebase merge. A strictly linear commit history can help teams reverse changes more easily. For more information about merge methods, see "About pull request merges."
Before you can require a linear commit history, your repository must allow squash merging or rebase merging. For more information, see "Configuring pull request merges."
Include administrators
By default, protected branch rules do not apply to people with admin permissions to a repository. You can enable this setting to include administrators in your protected branch rules.
Restrict who can push to matching branches
You can enable branch restrictions if your repository is owned by an organization using GitHub Team or GitHub Enterprise Cloud.
When you enable branch restrictions, only users, teams, or apps that have been given permission can push to the protected branch. You can view and edit the users, teams, or apps with push access to a protected branch in the protected branch's settings.
You can only give push access to a protected branch to users, teams, or installed GitHub 应用程序 with write access to a repository. People and apps with admin permissions to a repository are always able to push to a protected branch.
Allow force pushes
By default, GitHub blocks force pushes on all protected branches. When you enable force pushes to a protected branch, anyone with at least write permissions to the repository can force push to the branch, including those with admin permissions.
Enabling force pushes will not override any other branch protection rules. For example, if a branch requires a linear commit history, you cannot force push merge commits to that branch.
Allow deletions
By default, you cannot delete a protected branch. When you enable deletion of a protected branch, anyone with at least write permissions to the repository can delete the branch.