URL for the RubyGems registry
If you access GitHub at GitHub.com, you will publish packages to https://rubygems.pkg.github.com. Examples in this article use this URL.
If you access GitHub at another domain, such as octocorp.ghe.com
, replace "https://rubygems.pkg.github.com" with https://rubygems.SUBDOMAIN.ghe.com
, where SUBDOMAIN
is your enterprise's unique subdomain.
Prerequisites
-
You must have RubyGems 2.4.1 or higher. To find your RubyGems version:
gem --version
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You must have bundler 1.6.4 or higher. To find your Bundler version:
$ bundle --version Bundler version 1.13.7
Authenticating to GitHub Packages
GitHub Packages only supports authentication using a personal access token (classic). For more information, see "Managing your personal access tokens."
You need an access token to publish, install, and delete private, internal, and public packages.
You can use a personal access token (classic) to authenticate to GitHub Packages or the GitHub API. When you create a personal access token (classic), you can assign the token different scopes depending on your needs. For more information about packages-related scopes for a personal access token (classic), see "About permissions for GitHub Packages."
To authenticate to a GitHub Packages registry within a GitHub Actions workflow, you can use:
GITHUB_TOKEN
to publish packages associated with the workflow repository.- a personal access token (classic) with at least
read:packages
scope to install packages associated with other private repositories (whichGITHUB_TOKEN
can't access).
Authenticating in a GitHub Actions workflow
This registry supports granular permissions. For registries that support granular permissions, if your GitHub Actions workflow is using a personal access token to authenticate to a registry, we highly recommend you update your workflow to use the GITHUB_TOKEN
. For guidance on updating your workflows that authenticate to a registry with a personal access token, see "Publishing and installing a package with GitHub Actions."
Note: The ability for GitHub Actions workflows to delete and restore packages using the REST API is currently in public preview and subject to change.
You can use a GITHUB_TOKEN
in a GitHub Actions workflow to delete or restore a package using the REST API, if the token has admin
permission to the package. Repositories that publish packages using a workflow, and repositories that you have explicitly connected to packages, are automatically granted admin
permission to packages in the repository.
For more information about the GITHUB_TOKEN
, see "Automatic token authentication." For more information about the best practices when using a registry in actions, see "Security hardening for GitHub Actions."
You can also choose to give access permissions to packages independently for GitHub Codespaces and GitHub Actions. For more information, see "Configuring a package's access control and visibility" and "Configuring a package's access control and visibility."
Authenticating with a personal access token
You must use a personal access token (classic) with the appropriate scopes to publish and install packages in GitHub Packages. For more information, see "Introduction to GitHub Packages."
To publish and install gems, you can configure RubyGems or Bundler to authenticate to GitHub Packages using your personal access token.
To publish new gems, you need to authenticate to GitHub Packages with RubyGems by editing your ~/.gem/credentials file to include your personal access token (classic). Create a new ~/.gem/credentials file if this file doesn't exist.
For example, you would create or edit a ~/.gem/credentials to include the following, replacing TOKEN with your personal access token.
---
:github: Bearer TOKEN
To install gems, you need to authenticate to GitHub Packages by updating your gem sources to include https://USERNAME:TOKEN@rubygems.pkg.github.com/NAMESPACE/
. You must replace:
USERNAME
with your GitHub username.TOKEN
with your personal access token (classic).NAMESPACE
with the name of the personal account or organization to which the gem is scoped.
If you would like your package to be available globally, you can run the following command to add your registry as a source.
gem sources --add https://USERNAME:TOKEN@rubygems.pkg.github.com/NAMESPACE/
To authenticate with Bundler, configure Bundler to use your personal access token (classic), replacing USERNAME with your GitHub username, TOKEN with your personal access token, and NAMESPACE with the name of the personal account or organization to which the gem is scoped.
bundle config https://rubygems.pkg.github.com/NAMESPACE USERNAME:TOKEN
Publishing a package
When you first publish a package, the default visibility is private. To change the visibility or set access permissions, see "Configuring a package's access control and visibility." For more information on creating your gem, see "Make your own gem" in the RubyGems documentation.
Note: If you publish a package that is linked to a repository, the package automatically inherits the access permissions of the linked repository, and GitHub Actions workflows in the linked repository automatically get access to the package, unless your organization has disabled automatic inheritance of access permissions. For more information, see "Configuring a package's access control and visibility."
-
Authenticate to GitHub Packages. For more information, see "Authenticating to GitHub Packages."
-
Build the package from the gemspec to create the .gem package. Replace
GEM_NAME
with the name of your gem.gem build GEM_NAME.gemspec
-
Publish a package to GitHub Packages, replacing
NAMESPACE
with the name of the personal account or organization to which the package will be scoped andGEM_NAME
with the name of your gem package.Note: The maximum uncompressed size of a gem's
metadata.gz
file must be less than 2 MB. Requests to push gems that exceed that limit will fail.$ gem push --key github \ --host https://rubygems.pkg.github.com/NAMESPACE \ GEM_NAME-0.0.1.gem
Connecting a package to a repository
The RubyGems registry stores packages within your organization or personal account, and allows you to associate packages with a repository. You can choose whether to inherit permissions from a repository, or set granular permissions independently of a repository.
You can ensure gems will be linked to a repository as soon as they are published by including the URL of the GitHub repository in the github_repo
field in gem.metadata
. You can link multiple gems to the same repository.
gem.metadata = { "github_repo" => "ssh://github.com/OWNER/REPOSITORY" }
For information on linking a published package with a repository, see "Connecting a repository to a package."
Installing a package
You can use gems from GitHub Packages much like you use gems from rubygems.org. You need to authenticate to GitHub Packages by adding your GitHub user or organization as a source in the ~/.gemrc file or by using Bundler and editing your Gemfile.
-
Authenticate to GitHub Packages. For more information, see "Authenticating to GitHub Packages."
-
For Bundler, add your GitHub user or organization as a source in your Gemfile to fetch gems from this new source. For example, you can add a new
source
block to your Gemfile that uses GitHub Packages only for the packages you specify, replacingGEM_NAME
with the package you want to install from GitHub Packages andNAMESPACE
with the personal account or organization to which the gem you want to install is scoped.source "https://rubygems.org" gem "rails" source "https://rubygems.pkg.github.com/NAMESPACE" do gem "GEM_NAME" end
-
For Bundler versions earlier than 1.7.0, you need to add a new global
source
. For more information on using Bundler, see the bundler.io documentation.source "https://rubygems.pkg.github.com/NAMESPACE" source "https://rubygems.org" gem "rails" gem "GEM_NAME"
-
Install the package:
gem install GEM_NAME --version "0.1.1"