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Migrating from Bitbucket Pipelines with GitHub Actions Importer

Learn how to use GitHub Actions Importer to automate the migration of your Bitbucket pipelines to GitHub Actions.

In this article

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About migrating from Bitbucket Pipelines with GitHub Actions Importer

The instructions below will guide you through configuring your environment to use GitHub Actions Importer to migrate Bitbucket Pipelines to GitHub Actions.

Prerequisites

  • An environment where you can run Linux-based containers, and can install the necessary tools.

    Note

    The GitHub Actions Importer container and CLI do not need to be installed on the same server as your CI platform.

Limitations

There are some limitations when migrating from Bitbucket Pipelines to GitHub Actions with GitHub Actions Importer.

  • Images in a private AWS ECR are not supported.

  • The Bitbucket Pipelines option size is not supported.

  • Metrics detailing the queue time of jobs is not supported by the forecast command.

  • Bitbucket after-scripts are supported using GitHub Actions always() in combination with checking the steps.<step_id>.conclusion of the previous step. For more information, see "Accessing contextual information about workflow runs."

    The following is an example of using the always() with steps.<step_id>.conclusion.

      - name: After Script 1
    run: |-
      echo "I'm after the script ran!"
      echo "We should be grouped!"
    id: after-script-1
    if: "${{ always() }}"
  - name: After Script 2
    run: |-
      echo "this is really the end"
      echo "goodbye, for now!"
    id: after-script-2
    if: "${{ steps.after-script-1.conclusion == 'success' && always() }}"

Manual tasks

Certain Bitbucket Pipelines constructs must be migrated manually. These include:

  • Secured repository, workspace, and deployment variables
  • SSH keys

Installing the GitHub Actions Importer CLI extension

  1. Install the GitHub Actions Importer CLI extension:

    Bash
    gh extension install github/gh-actions-importer

  2. Verify that the extension is installed:

    $ gh actions-importer -h
Options:
  -?, -h, --help  Show help and usage information

Commands:
  update     Update to the latest version of GitHub Actions Importer.
  version    Display the version of GitHub Actions Importer.
  configure  Start an interactive prompt to configure credentials used to authenticate with your CI server(s).
  audit      Plan your CI/CD migration by analyzing your current CI/CD footprint.
  forecast   Forecast GitHub Actions usage from historical pipeline utilization.
  dry-run    Convert a pipeline to a GitHub Actions workflow and output its yaml file.
  migrate    Convert a pipeline to a GitHub Actions workflow and open a pull request with the changes.

Configuring credentials

The configure CLI command is used to set required credentials and options for GitHub Actions Importer when working with Bitbucket Pipelines and GitHub.

  1. Create a GitHub personal access token (classic). For more information, see "Managing your personal access tokens."

    Your token must have the workflow scope.

    After creating the token, copy it and save it in a safe location for later use.

  2. Create a Workspace Access Token for Bitbucket Pipelines. For more information, see Workspace Access Token permissions in the Bitbucket documentation. Your token must have the read scope for pipelines, projects, and repositories.

  3. In your terminal, run the GitHub Actions Importer configure CLI command:

    gh actions-importer configure

    The configure command will prompt you for the following information:

    • For "Which CI providers are you configuring?", use the arrow keys to select Bitbucket, press Space to select it, then press Enter.
    • For "Personal access token for GitHub", enter the value of the personal access token (classic) that you created earlier, and press Enter.
    • For "Base url of the GitHub instance", enter the URL for your GitHub Enterprise Server instance, and press Enter.
    • For "Personal access token for Bitbucket", enter the Workspace Access Token that you created earlier, and press Enter.
    • For "Base url of the Bitbucket instance", enter the URL for your Bitbucket instance, and press Enter.

    An example of the configure command is shown below:

    $ gh actions-importer configure
✔ Which CI providers are you configuring?: Bitbucket
Enter the following values (leave empty to omit):
✔ Personal access token for GitHub: ***************
✔ Base url of the GitHub instance: https://github.com
✔ Personal access token for Bitbucket: ********************
✔ Base url of the Bitbucket instance: https://bitbucket.example.com
Environment variables successfully updated.

  4. In your terminal, run the GitHub Actions Importer update CLI command to connect to GitHub Packages Container registry and ensure that the container image is updated to the latest version:

    gh actions-importer update

    The output of the command should be similar to below:

    Updating ghcr.io/actions-importer/cli:latest...
ghcr.io/actions-importer/cli:latest up-to-date

Perform an audit of the Bitbucket instance

You can use the audit command to get a high-level view of pipelines in a Bitbucket instance.

The audit command performs the following steps.

  1. Fetches all of the pipelines for a workspace.
  2. Converts pipeline to its equivalent GitHub Actions workflow.
  3. Generates a report that summarizes how complete and complex of a migration is possible with GitHub Actions Importer.

Running the audit command

To perform an audit run the following command in your terminal, replacing :workspace with the name of the Bitbucket workspace to audit.

gh actions-importer audit bitbucket --workspace :workspace --output-dir tmp/audit

Optionally, a --project-key option can be provided to the audit command to limit the results to only pipelines associated with a project.

In the below example command :project_key should be replaced with the key of the project that should be audited. Project keys can be found in Bitbucket on the workspace projects page.

gh actions-importer audit bitbucket --workspace :workspace --project-key :project_key --output-dir tmp/audit

Inspecting the audit results

The files in the specified output directory contain the results of the audit. See the audit_summary.md file for a summary of the audit results.

The audit summary has the following sections.

Pipelines

The "Pipelines" section contains a high-level statistics regarding the conversion rate done by GitHub Actions Importer.

Listed below are some key terms that can appear in the "Pipelines" section:

  • Successful pipelines had 100% of the pipeline constructs and individual items converted automatically to their GitHub Actions equivalent.
  • Partially successful pipelines had all of the pipeline constructs converted, however, there were some individual items that were not converted automatically to their GitHub Actions equivalent.
  • Unsupported pipelines are definition types that are not supported by GitHub Actions Importer.
  • Failed pipelines encountered a fatal error when being converted. This can occur for one of three reasons:
    • The pipeline was originally misconfigured and not valid.
    • GitHub Actions Importer encountered an internal error when converting it.
    • There was an unsuccessful network response that caused the pipeline to be inaccessible, which is often due to invalid credentials.

Build steps

The "Build steps" section contains an overview of individual build steps that are used across all pipelines, and how many were automatically converted by GitHub Actions Importer.

Listed below are some key terms that can appear in the "Build steps" section:

  • A known build step is a step that was automatically converted to an equivalent action.
  • An unknown build step is a step that was not automatically converted to an equivalent action.
  • An unsupported build step is a step that is either:
    • Fundamentally not supported by GitHub Actions.
    • Configured in a way that is incompatible with GitHub Actions.
  • An action is a list of the actions that were used in the converted workflows. This can be important for:
    • If you use GitHub Enterprise Server, gathering the list of actions to sync to your instance.
    • Defining an organization-level allowlist of actions that are used. This list of actions is a comprehensive list of actions that your security or compliance teams may need to review.

Manual tasks

The "Manual tasks" section contains an overview of tasks that GitHub Actions Importer is not able to complete automatically, and that you must complete manually.

Listed below are some key terms that can appear in the "Manual tasks" section:

  • A secret is a repository or organization-level secret that is used in the converted pipelines. These secrets must be created manually in GitHub Actions for these pipelines to function properly. For more information, see "Using secrets in GitHub Actions."
  • A self-hosted runner refers to a label of a runner that is referenced in a converted pipeline that is not a GitHub-hosted runner. You will need to manually define these runners for these pipelines to function properly.

Files

The final section of the audit report provides a manifest of all the files that were written to disk during the audit.

Each pipeline file has a variety of files included in the audit, including:

  • The original pipeline as it was defined in GitHub.
  • Any network responses used to convert the pipeline.
  • The converted workflow file.
  • Stack traces that can be used to troubleshoot a failed pipeline conversion.

Additionally, the workflow_usage.csv file contains a comma-separated list of all actions, secrets, and runners that are used by each successfully converted pipeline. This can be useful for determining which workflows use which actions, secrets, or runners, and can be useful for performing security reviews.

Forecasting usage

You can use the forecast command to forecast potential GitHub Actions usage by computing metrics from completed pipeline runs in your Bitbucket instance.

Running the forecast command

To perform a forecast of potential GitHub Actions usage, run the following command in your terminal, replacing :workspace with the name of the Bitbucket workspace to forecast. By default, GitHub Actions Importer includes the previous seven days in the forecast report.

gh actions-importer forecast bitbucket --workspace :workspace --output-dir tmp/forecast_reports

Forecasting a project

To limit the forecast to a project, you can use the --project-key option. Replace the value for the :project_key with the project key for the project to forecast.

gh actions-importer forecast bitbucket --workspace :workspace --project-key :project_key --output-dir tmp/forecast_reports

Inspecting the forecast report

The forecast_report.md file in the specified output directory contains the results of the forecast.

Listed below are some key terms that can appear in the forecast report:

  • The job count is the total number of completed jobs.
  • The pipeline count is the number of unique pipelines used.
  • Execution time describes the amount of time a runner spent on a job. This metric can be used to help plan for the cost of GitHub-hosted runners.
    • This metric is correlated to how much you should expect to spend in GitHub Actions. This will vary depending on the hardware used for these minutes. You can use the GitHub Actions pricing calculator to estimate the costs.
  • Concurrent jobs metrics describe the amount of jobs running at any given time.

Performing a dry-run migration

You can use the dry-run command to convert a Bitbucket pipeline to an equivalent GitHub Actions workflow(s). A dry-run creates the output files in a specified directory, but does not open a pull request to migrate the pipeline.

Running the dry-run command

To perform a dry run of migrating a Bitbucket pipeline to GitHub Actions, run the following command in your terminal, replacing :workspace with the name of the workspace and :repo with the name of the repository in Bitbucket.

gh actions-importer dry-run bitbucket --workspace :workspace --repository :repo --output-dir tmp/dry-run

Inspecting the converted workflows

You can view the logs of the dry run and the converted workflow files in the specified output directory.

If there is anything that GitHub Actions Importer was not able to convert automatically, such as unknown build steps or a partially successful pipeline, you might want to create custom transformers to further customize the conversion process. For more information, see "Extending GitHub Actions Importer with custom transformers."

Performing a production migration

You can use the migrate command to convert a Bitbucket pipeline and open a pull request with the equivalent GitHub Actions workflow(s).

Running the migrate command

To migrate a Bitbucket pipeline to GitHub Actions, run the following command in your terminal, replacing the following values.

  • Replace target-url value with the URL for your GitHub repository.
  • Replace :repo with the name of the repository in Bitbucket.
  • Replace :workspace with the name of the workspace.
gh actions-importer migrate bitbucket --workspace :workspace --repository :repo --target-url https://github.com/:owner/:repo --output-dir tmp/dry-run

The command's output includes the URL of the pull request that adds the converted workflow to your repository. An example of a successful output is similar to the following:

gh actions-importer migrate bitbucket --workspace actions-importer --repository custom-trigger --target-url https://github.com/valet-dev-testing/demo-private --output-dir tmp/bitbucket
[2023-07-18 09:56:06] Logs: 'tmp/bitbucket/log/valet-20230718-165606.log'
[2023-07-18 09:56:24] Pull request: 'https://github.com/valet-dev-testing/demo-private/pull/55'

Inspecting the pull request

The output from a successful run of the migrate command contains a link to the new pull request that adds the converted workflow to your repository.

Some important elements of the pull request include:

  • In the pull request description, a section called Manual steps, which lists steps that you must manually complete before you can finish migrating your pipelines to GitHub Actions. For example, this section might tell you to create any secrets used in your workflows.
  • The converted workflows file. Select the Files changed tab in the pull request to view the workflow file that will be added to your GitHub Enterprise Server repository.

When you are finished inspecting the pull request, you can merge it to add the workflow to your GitHub Enterprise Server repository.

Reference

This section contains reference information on environment variables, optional arguments, and supported syntax when using GitHub Actions Importer to migrate from Bitbucket Pipelines.

Using environment variables

GitHub Actions Importer uses environment variables for its authentication configuration. These variables are set when following the configuration process using the configure command. For more information, see the "Configuring credentials" section.

GitHub Actions Importer uses the following environment variables to connect to your Bitbucket instance.

  • GITHUB_ACCESS_TOKEN: The personal access token (classic) used to create pull requests with a transformed workflow (requires repo and workflow scopes).
  • GITHUB_INSTANCE_URL: The url to the target GitHub instance. (e.g. https://github.com)
  • BITBUCKET_ACCESS_TOKEN: The workspace access token with read scopes for pipeline, project, and repository.

These environment variables can be specified in a .env.local file that will be loaded by GitHub Actions Importer at run time. The distribution archive contains a .env.local.template file that can be used to create these files.

Optional arguments

There are optional arguments you can use with the GitHub Actions Importer subcommands to customize your migration.

--source-file-path

You can use the --source-file-path argument with the dry-run or migrate subcommands.

By default, GitHub Actions Importer fetches pipeline contents from the Bitbucket instance. The --source-file-path argument tells GitHub Actions Importer to use the specified source file path instead.

For example:

gh actions-importer dry-run bitbucket --workspace :workspace --repository :repo --output-dir tmp/dry-run --source-file-path path/to/my/pipeline/file.yml

--config-file-path

You can use the --config-file-path argument with the audit, dry-run, and migrate subcommands.

By default, GitHub Actions Importer fetches pipeline contents from the Bitbucket instance. The --config-file-path argument tells GitHub Actions Importer to use the specified source files instead.

Audit example

In this example, GitHub Actions Importer uses the specified YAML configuration file to perform an audit.

gh actions-importer audit bitbucket --workspace :workspace --output-dir tmp/audit --config-file-path "path/to/my/bitbucket/config.yml"

To audit a Bitbucket instance using a config file, the config file must be in the following format, and each repository_slug must be unique:

source_files:
  - repository_slug: repo_name
    path: path/to/one/source/file.yml
  - repository_slug: another_repo_name
    path: path/to/another/source/file.yml

Supported syntax for Bitbucket Pipelines

The following table shows the type of properties that GitHub Actions Importer is currently able to convert.

BitbucketGitHub ActionsStatus
after-scriptjobs.<job_id>.steps[*]Supported
artifactsactions/upload-artifact & download-artifactSupported
cachesactions/cacheSupported
cloneactions/checkoutSupported
conditionjob.<job_id>.steps[*].runSupported
deploymentjobs.<job_id>.environmentSupported
imagejobs.<job_id>.containerSupported
max-timejobs.<job_id>.steps[*].timeout-minutesSupported
options.dockerNoneSupported
options.max-timejobs.<job_id>.steps[*].timeout-minutesSupported
paralleljobs.<job_id>Supported
pipelines.brancheson.pushSupported
pipelines.customon.workflow_dispatchSupported
pipelines.defaulton.pushSupported
pipelines.pull-requestson.pull_requestsSupported
pipelines.tagson.tagsSupported
runs-onjobs.<job_id>.runs-onSupported
scriptjob.<job_id>.steps[*].runSupported
servicesjobs.<job_id>.serviceSupported
stagejobs.<job_id>Supported
stepjobs.<job_id>.steps[*]Supported
triggeron.workflow_dispatchSupported
fail-fastNoneUnsupported
oidcNoneUnsupported
options.sizeNoneUnsupported
sizeNoneUnsupported

Environment variable mapping

GitHub Actions Importer uses the mapping in the table below to convert default Bitbucket environment variables to the closest equivalent in GitHub Actions.

BitbucketGitHub Actions
CItrue
BITBUCKET_BUILD_NUMBER${{ github.run_number }}
BITBUCKET_CLONE_DIR${{ github.workspace }}
BITBUCKET_COMMIT${{ github.sha }}
BITBUCKET_WORKSPACE${{ github.repository_owner }}
BITBUCKET_REPO_SLUG${{ github.repository }}
BITBUCKET_REPO_UUID${{ github.repository_id }}
BITBUCKET_REPO_FULL_NAME${{ github.repository_owner }}/${{ github.repository }}
BITBUCKET_BRANCH${{ github.ref }}
BITBUCKET_TAG${{ github.ref }}
BITBUCKET_PR_ID${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
BITBUCKET_PR_DESTINATION_BRANCH${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }}
BITBUCKET_GIT_HTTP_ORIGIN${{ github.event.repository.clone_url }}
BITBUCKET_GIT_SSH_ORIGIN${{ github.event.repository.ssh_url }}
BITBUCKET_EXIT_CODE${{ job.status }}
BITBUCKET_STEP_UUID${{ job.github_job }}
BITBUCKET_PIPELINE_UUID${{ github.workflow }}
BITBUCKET_PROJECT_KEY${{ github.repository_owner }}
BITBUCKET_PROJECT_UUID${{ github.repository_owner }}
BITBUCKET_STEP_TRIGGERER_UUID${{ github.actor_id }}
BITBUCKET_SSH_KEY_FILE${{ github.workspace }}/.ssh/id_rsa
BITBUCKET_STEP_OIDC_TOKENNo Mapping
BITBUCKET_DEPLOYMENT_ENVIRONMENTNo Mapping
BITBUCKET_DEPLOYMENT_ENVIRONMENT_UUIDNo Mapping
BITBUCKET_BOOKMARKNo Mapping
BITBUCKET_PARALLEL_STEPNo Mapping
BITBUCKET_PARALLEL_STEP_COUNTNo Mapping

System Variables

System variables used in tasks are transformed to the equivalent bash shell variable and are assumed to be available. For example, ${system.<variable.name>} will be transformed to $variable_name. We recommend you verify this to ensure proper operation of the workflow.

Portions have been adapted from https://github.com/github/gh-actions-importer/ under the MIT license:

MIT License

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