About GitHub Actions for enterprises
GitHub Actions ist eine Plattform für Continuous Integration und Continuous Delivery (CI/CD), mit der du deine Build-, Test- und Bereitstellungspipeline automatisieren kannst. With GitHub Actions, your enterprise can automate, customize, and execute your software development workflows like testing and deployments. For more information, see "About GitHub Actions for enterprises."
Before you introduce GitHub Actions to a large enterprise, you first need to plan your adoption and make decisions about how your enterprise will use GitHub Actions to best support your unique needs.
Governance and compliance
You should create a plan to govern your enterprise's use of GitHub Actions and meet your compliance obligations.
Determine which actions your developers will be allowed to use. First, decide whether you'll enable access to actions from outside your instance. Wenn Benutzer in Ihrem Unternehmen Zugriff auf andere Aktionen von GitHub.com oder GitHub Marketplace benötigen, gibt es einige Konfigurationsoptionen. For more information, see "About using actions in your enterprise."
Then, decide whether you'll allow third-party actions that were not created by GitHub. You can configure the actions that are allowed to run at the repository, organization, and enterprise levels and can choose to only allow actions that are created by GitHub. If you do allow third-party actions, you can limit allowed actions to those created by verified creators or a list of specific actions.
For more information, see "Verwalten von GitHub Actions-Einstellungen für ein Repository", "GitHub Actions für deine Organisation Deaktivieren oder Einschränken", and "Enforcing policies for GitHub Actions in your enterprise."
Consider combining OpenID Connect (OIDC) with reusable workflows to enforce consistent deployments across your repository, organization, or enterprise. You can do this by defining trust conditions on cloud roles based on reusable workflows. For more information, see "Verwenden von OpenID Connect mit wiederverwendbaren Workflows."
You can access information about activity related to GitHub Actions in the audit logs for your enterprise. If your business needs require retaining this information longer than audit log data is retained, plan how you'll export and store this data outside of GitHub. For more information, see "Streamen des Überwachungsprotokolls für ein Unternehmen" and "Protokollweiterleitung."
Security
You should plan your approach to security hardening for GitHub Actions.
Security hardening individual workflows and repositories
Make a plan to enforce good security practices for people using GitHub Actions features within your enterprise. For more information about these practices, see "Sicherheitshärtung für GitHub Actions."
You can also encourage reuse of workflows that have already been evaluated for security. For more information, see "Innersourcing."
Securing access to secrets and deployment resources
You should plan where you'll store your secrets. We recommend storing secrets in GitHub, but you might choose to store secrets in a cloud provider.
In GitHub, you can store secrets at the repository or organization level. Secrets at the repository level can be limited to workflows in certain environments, such as production or testing. For more information, see "Verwenden von Geheimnissen in GitHub-Aktionen."
You should consider adding manual approval protection for sensitive environments, so that workflows must be approved before getting access to the environments' secrets. For more information, see "Verwenden von Umgebungen für die Bereitstellung."
Security considerations for third-party actions
There is significant risk in sourcing actions from third-party repositories on GitHub. If you do allow any third-party actions, you should create internal guidelines that encourage your team to follow best practices, such as pinning actions to the full commit SHA. For more information, see "Sicherheitshärtung für GitHub Actions."
Innersourcing
Think about how your enterprise can use features of GitHub Actions to innersource automation. Innersourcing is a way to incorporate the benefits of open source methodologies into your internal software development cycle. For more information, see An introduction to innersource in GitHub Resources.
Um Aktionen für dein gesamtes Unternehmen freizugeben, ohne diese für den öffentlichen Zugriff zu veröffentlichen, kannst du die Aktionen in einem internen Repository speichern und dieses dann so konfigurieren, dass der Zugriff auf GitHub Actions-Workflows in anderen Repositorys im Besitz derselben Organisation oder einer anderen Organisation im Unternehmen zugelassen ist. Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter Freigeben von Aktionen und Workflows in deinem Unternehmen.
With reusable workflows, your team can call one workflow from another workflow, avoiding exact duplication. Reusable workflows promote best practice by helping your team use workflows that are well designed and have already been tested. For more information, see "Wiederverwenden von Workflows."
To provide a starting place for developers building new workflows, you can use starter workflows. This not only saves time for your developers, but promotes consistency and best practice across your enterprise. For more information, see "Erstellen von Startworkflows für deine Organisation."
Whenever your workflow developers want to use an action that's stored in a private repository, they must configure the workflow to clone the repository first. To reduce the number of repositories that must be cloned, consider grouping commonly used actions in a single repository. For more information, see "Informationen zu benutzerdefinierten Aktionen."
Managing resources
You should plan for how you'll manage the resources required to use GitHub Actions.
Hardware requirements
You may need to upgrade the CPU and memory resources for Ihre GitHub Enterprise Server-Instance to handle the load from GitHub Actions without causing performance loss. For more information, see "Getting started with GitHub Actions for GitHub Enterprise Server."
Runners
GitHub Actions workflows require runners. You will need to host your own runners by installing the GitHub Actions self-hosted runner application on your own machines. For more information, see "Informationen zu selbstgehosteten Runnern."
Decide whether you want to use physical machines, virtual machines, or containers for your self-hosted runners. Physical machines will retain remnants of previous jobs, and so will virtual machines unless you use a fresh image for each job or clean up the machines after each job run. If you choose containers, you should be aware that the runner auto-updating will shut down the container, which can cause workflows to fail. You should come up with a solution for this by preventing auto-updates or skipping the command to kill the container.
You also have to decide where to add each runner. You can add a self-hosted runner to an individual repository, or you can make the runner available to an entire organization or your entire enterprise. Adding runners at the organization or enterprise levels allows sharing of runners, which might reduce the size of your runner infrastructure. You can use policies to limit access to self-hosted runners at the organization and enterprise levels by assigning groups of runners to specific repositories or organizations. For more information, see "Selbst-gehostete Runner hinzufügen" and "Verwalten des Zugriffs auf selbstgehostete Runner mithilfe von Gruppen." You can also use policies to prevent people using repository-level self-hosted runners. For more information, see "Enforcing policies for GitHub Actions in your enterprise."
You should consider using autoscaling to automatically increase or decrease the number of available self-hosted runners. For more information, see "Automatische Skalierung mit selbstgehosteten Runnern."
Finally, you should consider security hardening for self-hosted runners. For more information, see "Sicherheitshärtung für GitHub Actions."
Storage
Mit Artefakten kannst du Daten zwischen Aufträgen in einem Workflow teilen und Daten nach Abschluss des Workflows speichern. For more information, see "Speichern von Workflowdaten als Artefakte."
GitHub Actions also has a caching system that you can use to cache dependencies to speed up workflow runs. For more information, see "Abhängigkeiten zwischenspeichern um Workflows zu beschleunigen."
You must configure external blob storage for workflow artifacts, caches, and other workflow logs. Decide which supported storage provider your enterprise will use. For more information, see "Getting started with GitHub Actions for GitHub Enterprise Server."
You can use policy settings for GitHub Actions to customize the storage of workflow artifacts, caches, and log retention. For more information, see "Enforcing policies for GitHub Actions in your enterprise."
Tracking usage
You should consider making a plan to track your enterprise's usage of GitHub Actions, such as how often workflows are running, how many of those runs are passing and failing, and which repositories are using which workflows.
You can use webhooks to subscribe to information about workflow jobs and workflow runs. For more information, see "Informationen zu Webhooks."
Make a plan for how your enterprise can pass the information from these webhooks into a data archiving system. You can consider using "CEDAR.GitHub.Collector", an open source tool that collects and processes webhook data from GitHub. For more information, see the Microsoft/CEDAR.GitHub.Collector repository.
You should also plan how you'll enable your teams to get the data they need from your archiving system.