Configuring code scanning

Nota: Tu administrador de sitio debe habilitar el escaneo de código para tu instancia de GitHub Enterprise Server antes de que puedas utilizar esta característica. Si quieres utilizar GitHub Actions para escanear tu código, el administrador de sitio también puede habilitar las GitHub Actions y configurar la infraestructura que se requiera. Para obtener más información, consulta "Configurar el escaneo de código en tu aplicativo."

Note: This article describes the features available with the version of the CodeQL action and associated CodeQL CLI bundle included in the initial release of this version of GitHub Enterprise Server. If your enterprise uses a more recent version of the CodeQL action, see the Nube de GitHub Enterprise article for information on the latest features. For information on using the latest version, see "Configuring code scanning for your appliance."

About escaneo de código configuration

You can run escaneo de código on GitHub Enterprise Server, using GitHub Actions, or from your continuous integration (CI) system. For more information, see "About GitHub Actions" or "About CodeQL escaneo de código in your CI system."

This article is about running escaneo de código on GitHub Enterprise Server using actions.

Before you can configure escaneo de código for a repository, you must set up escaneo de código by adding a GitHub Actions workflow to the repository. For more information, see "Setting up escaneo de código for a repository."

Typically, you don't need to edit the default workflow for escaneo de código. However, if required, you can edit the workflow to customize some of the settings. For example, you can edit GitHub's Flujo de trabajo de análisis de CodeQL to specify the frequency of scans, the languages or directories to scan, and what CodeQL escaneo de código looks for in your code. You might also need to edit the Flujo de trabajo de análisis de CodeQL if you use a specific set of commands to compile your code.

CodeQL analysis is just one type of escaneo de código you can do in GitHub. GitHub Marketplace on GitHub.com contains other escaneo de código workflows you can use. The specific examples given in this article relate to the Flujo de trabajo de análisis de CodeQL file.

Editing a escaneo de código workflow

GitHub saves workflow files in the .github/workflows directory of your repository. You can find a workflow you have added by searching for its file name. For example, by default, the workflow file for CodeQL escaneo de código is called codeql-analysis.yml.

In your repository, browse to the workflow file you want to edit.
In the upper right corner of the file view, to open the workflow editor, click .
After you have edited the file, click Start commit and complete the "Commit changes" form. You can choose to commit directly to the current branch, or create a new branch and start a pull request.

For more information about editing workflow files, see "Learn GitHub Actions."

Configuring frequency

You can configure the Flujo de trabajo de análisis de CodeQL to scan code on a schedule or when specific events occur in a repository.

Scanning code when someone pushes a change, and whenever a pull request is created, prevents developers from introducing new vulnerabilities and errors into the code. Scanning code on a schedule informs you about the latest vulnerabilities and errors that GitHub, security researchers, and the community discover, even when developers aren't actively maintaining the repository.

Scanning on push

By default, the Flujo de trabajo de análisis de CodeQL uses the on.push event to trigger a code scan on every push to the default branch of the repository and any protected branches. For escaneo de código to be triggered on a specified branch, the workflow must exist in that branch. For more information, see "Workflow syntax for GitHub Actions."

If you scan on push, then the results appear in the Security tab for your repository. For more information, see "Managing code scanning alerts for your repository."

Scanning pull requests

The default Flujo de trabajo de análisis de CodeQL uses the pull_request event to trigger a code scan on pull requests targeted against the default branch. The pull_request event is not triggered if the pull request was opened from a private fork.

For more information about the pull_request event, see "Events that trigger workflows."

If you scan pull requests, then the results appear as alerts in a pull request check. For more information, see "Triaging code scanning alerts in pull requests."

Avoiding unnecessary scans of pull requests

You might want to avoid a code scan being triggered on specific pull requests targeted against the default branch, irrespective of which files have been changed. You can configure this by specifying on:pull_request:paths-ignore or on:pull_request:paths in the escaneo de código workflow. For example, if the only changes in a pull request are to files with the file extensions .md or .txt you can use the following paths-ignore array.

on:
  push:
    branches: [main, protected]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]
    paths-ignore:
      - '**/*.md'
      - '**/*.txt'

Notes

on:pull_request:paths-ignore and on:pull_request:paths set conditions that determine whether the actions in the workflow will run on a pull request. They don't determine what files will be analyzed when the actions are run. When a pull request contains any files that are not matched by on:pull_request:paths-ignore or on:pull_request:paths, the workflow runs the actions and scans all of the files changed in the pull request, including those matched by on:pull_request:paths-ignore or on:pull_request:paths, unless the files have been excluded. For information on how to exclude files from analysis, see "Specifying directories to scan."
For CodeQL escaneo de código workflow files, don't use the paths-ignore or paths keywords with the on:push event as this is likely to cause missing analyses. For accurate results, CodeQL escaneo de código needs to be able to compare new changes with the analysis of the previous commit.

For more information about using on:pull_request:paths-ignore and on:pull_request:paths to determine when a workflow will run for a pull request, see "Workflow syntax for GitHub Actions."

Scanning on a schedule

If you use the default Flujo de trabajo de análisis de CodeQL, the workflow will scan the code in your repository once a week, in addition to the scans triggered by events. To adjust this schedule, edit the cron value in the workflow. For more information, see "Workflow syntax for GitHub Actions."

Note: GitHub only runs scheduled jobs that are in workflows on the default branch. Changing the schedule in a workflow on any other branch has no effect until you merge the branch into the default branch.

Example

The following example shows a Flujo de trabajo de análisis de CodeQL for a particular repository that has a default branch called main and one protected branch called protected.

on:
  push:
    branches: [main, protected]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]
  schedule:
    - cron: '20 14 * * 1'

This workflow scans:

Every push to the default branch and the protected branch
Every pull request to the default branch
The default branch every Monday at 14:20 UTC

Specifying an operating system

If your code requires a specific operating system to compile, you can configure the operating system in your Flujo de trabajo de análisis de CodeQL. Edit the value of jobs.analyze.runs-on to specify the operating system for the machine that runs your escaneo de código actions. You specify the operating system by using an appropriate label as the second element in a two-element array, after self-hosted.

jobs:
  analyze:
    name: Analyze
    runs-on: [self-hosted, ubuntu-latest]

CodeQL escaneo de código supports the latest versions of Ubuntu, Windows, and macOS. Typical values for this setting are therefore: ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, and macos-latest. For more information, see "Choosing the runner for a job" and "Using labels with self-hosted runners."

You must ensure that Git is in the PATH variable on your self-hosted runners. For more information, see "About self-hosted runners" and "Adding self-hosted runners."

For recommended specifications (RAM, CPU cores, and disk) for running CodeQL analysis, see "Recommended hardware resources for running CodeQL."

Changing the languages that are analyzed

CodeQL escaneo de código automatically detects code written in the supported languages.

C/C++
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript/TypeScript
Python

The default Flujo de trabajo de análisis de CodeQL file contains a matrix called language which lists the languages in your repository that are analyzed. CodeQL automatically populates this matrix when you add escaneo de código to a repository. Using the language matrix optimizes CodeQL to run each analysis in parallel. We recommend that all workflows adopt this configuration due to the performance benefits of parallelizing builds. For more information about matrices, see "Using a matrix for your jobs."

Si tu repositorio contiene código en más de uno de los lenguajes compatibles, puedes elegir qué lenguajes quieres analizar. Hay varias razones que por las cuales querrías prevenir que un lenguaje se analice. Por ejemplo, el proyecto puede tener dependencias en un lenguaje distinto al del cuerpo principal de tu código, y tal vez prefieras no ver las alertas para esas dependencias.

If your workflow uses the language matrix then CodeQL is hardcoded to analyze only the languages in the matrix. To change the languages you want to analyze, edit the value of the matrix variable. You can remove a language to prevent it being analyzed or you can add a language that was not present in the repository when escaneo de código was set up. For example, if the repository initially only contained JavaScript when escaneo de código was set up, and you later added Python code, you will need to add python to the matrix.

jobs:
  analyze:
    name: Analyze
    ...
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        language: ['javascript', 'python']

If your workflow does not contain a matrix called language, then CodeQL is configured to run analysis sequentially. If you don't specify languages in the workflow, CodeQL automatically detects, and attempts to analyze, any supported languages in the repository. If you want to choose which languages to analyze, without using a matrix, you can use the languages parameter under the init action.

- uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
  with:
    languages: cpp, csharp, python

Running additional queries

When you use CodeQL to scan code, the CodeQL analysis engine generates a database from the code and runs queries on it. CodeQL analysis uses a default set of queries, but you can specify more queries to run, in addition to the default queries.

Any additional queries you want to run must belong to a QL pack in a repository. For more information, see "About escaneo de código with CodeQL."

You can specify a single .ql file, a directory containing multiple .ql files, a .qls query suite definition file, or any combination. For more information about query suite definitions, see "Creating CodeQL query suites."

To add one or more queries, add a with: queries: entry within the uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1 section of the workflow. If the queries are in a private repository, use the external-repository-token parameter to specify a token that has access to checkout the private repository.

- uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
  with:
    queries: COMMA-SEPARATED LIST OF PATHS
    # Optional. Provide a token to access queries stored in private repositories.
    external-repository-token: ${{ secrets.ACCESS_TOKEN }}

You can also specify query suites in the value of queries. Query suites are collections of queries, usually grouped by purpose or language.

Las siguientes suites de consultas se compilan en el CodeQL del escaneo de código y están disponibles para utilizarse.

Conjunto de consultas	Descripción
`security-extended`	Las consultas de severidad y precisión más baja que aquellas predeterminadas
`security-and-quality`	Las consultas de `security-extended`, mas aquellas de mantenibilidad y confiabilidad

Cuando especificas una suite de consultas, el motor de análisis de CodeQL ejecutará el conjunto predeterminado de consultas y cualquier consulta adicional que se defina en la suite de consultas adicionales.

If you also use a configuration file for custom settings, any additional queries specified in your workflow are used instead of those specified in the configuration file. If you want to run the combined set of additional queries, prefix the value of queries in the workflow with the + symbol. For more information, see "Using a custom configuration file."

In the following example, the + symbol ensures that the specified additional queries are used together with any specified in the referenced configuration file.

- uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
  with:
    config-file: ./.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml
    queries: +security-and-quality,octo-org/python-qlpack/show_ifs.ql@main

Using a custom configuration file

A custom configuration file is an alternative way to specify additional queries to run. You can also use the file to disable the default queries and to specify which directories to scan during analysis.

In the workflow file, use the config-file parameter of the init action to specify the path to the configuration file you want to use. This example loads the configuration file ./.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml.

- uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
  with:
    config-file: ./.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml

El archivo de configuración puede ubicarse dentro del repositorio que estás analizando o en un repositorio externo. El utilizar un repositorio externo te permite especificar las opciones de configuración para repositorios múltiples en un solo lugar. Cuando referencias un archivo de configuración que se ubica en un repositorio externo, puedes utilizar la sintaxis OWNER/REPOSITORY/FILENAME@BRANCH. Por ejemplo, octo-org/shared/codeql-config.yml@main.

If the configuration file is located in an external private repository, use the external-repository-token parameter of the init action to specify a token that has access to the private repository.

- uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
  with:
    external-repository-token: ${{ secrets.ACCESS_TOKEN }}

The settings in the configuration file are written in YAML format.

Specifying additional queries

You specify additional queries in a queries array. Each element of the array contains a uses parameter with a value that identifies a single query file, a directory containing query files, or a query suite definition file.

queries:
  - uses: ./my-basic-queries/example-query.ql
  - uses: ./my-advanced-queries
  - uses: ./query-suites/my-security-queries.qls

Optionally, you can give each array element a name, as shown in the example configuration files below. For more information about additional queries, see "Running additional queries" above.

Disabling the default queries

If you only want to run custom queries, you can disable the default security queries by using disable-default-queries: true.

Specifying directories to scan

For the interpreted languages that CodeQL supports (Python and JavaScript/TypeScript), you can restrict escaneo de código to files in specific directories by adding a paths array to the configuration file. You can exclude the files in specific directories from analysis by adding a paths-ignore array.

paths:
  - src
paths-ignore:
  - src/node_modules
  - '**/*.test.js'

Note:

The paths and paths-ignore keywords, used in the context of the escaneo de código configuration file, should not be confused with the same keywords when used for on.<push|pull_request>.paths in a workflow. When they are used to modify on.<push|pull_request> in a workflow, they determine whether the actions will be run when someone modifies code in the specified directories. For more information, see "Workflow syntax for GitHub Actions."
The filter pattern characters ?, +, [, ], and ! are not supported and will be matched literally.
** characters can only be at the start or end of a line, or surrounded by slashes, and you can't mix ** and other characters. For example, foo/**, **/foo, and foo/**/bar are all allowed syntax, but **foo isn't. However you can use single stars along with other characters, as shown in the example. You'll need to quote anything that contains a * character.

For compiled languages, if you want to limit escaneo de código to specific directories in your project, you must specify appropriate build steps in the workflow. The commands you need to use to exclude a directory from the build will depend on your build system. For more information, see "Configuring the CodeQL workflow for compiled languages."

You can quickly analyze small portions of a monorepo when you modify code in specific directories. You'll need to both exclude directories in your build steps and use the paths-ignore and paths keywords for on.<push|pull_request> in your workflow.

Example configuration files

Este archivo de configuración agrega el conjunto de consultas security-and-quality a la lista de consultas que se ejecutan con CodeQL cuando se escanea tu código. Para obtener más información acerca de los conjuntos de consultas que están disponibles para utilizarse, consulta la sección "Ejecutar consultas adicionales".

name: "My CodeQL config"

queries:
  - uses: security-and-quality

El siguiente archivo de configuración inhabilita las consultas predeterminadas y especifica un conjunto de consultas personalizadas para ejecutarse en vez de éstas. También configura a CodeQL para escanear archivos en el directorio src (relativo a la raíz), con excepción del directorio src/node_modules y de los archivos cuyo nombre termine en .test.js. Los archivos en src/node_modules y aquellos cuyos nombres terminan en .test.js se excluyen por lo tanto del análisis.

name: "My CodeQL config"

disable-default-queries: true

queries:
  - name: Use an in-repository QL pack (run queries in the my-queries directory)
    uses: ./my-queries
  - name: Use an external JavaScript QL pack (run queries from an external repo)
    uses: octo-org/javascript-qlpack@main
  - name: Use an external query (run a single query from an external QL pack)
    uses: octo-org/python-qlpack/show_ifs.ql@main
  - name: Use a query suite file (run queries from a query suite in this repo)
    uses: ./codeql-qlpacks/complex-python-qlpack/rootAndBar.qls

paths:
  - src 
paths-ignore: 
  - src/node_modules
  - '**/*.test.js'

Configuring escaneo de código for compiled languages

Para los lenguajes compilados compatibles, puedes utilizar la acción de autobuild en el Flujo de trabajo de análisis de CodeQL para compilar tu código. Esto te evita tener que especificar los comandos de compilación explícitos paraC/C++, C#, y Java. CodeQL también ejecuta una compilación para que los proyectos de Go configuren el proyecto. Sin embargo, en contraste con el resto de los lenguajes compilados, todos los archivos de Go en el repositorio se extraen, y no únicamente aquellos que se compilaron. Puedes utilizar comandos personalizados de compilación para saltarte la extracción de archivos de Go que no haya tocado la compilación.

Si el código de C/C++, C# o de Java en tu repositorio tiene un proceso de compilación diferente al estándar, el autobuild podría fallar. Necesitarás eliminar el paso de autobuild del flujo de trabajo y agregar los pasos de compilación manualmente. Si quieres especificar qué archivos de Go se deben extraer de tu repositorio, necesitarás agregar pasos de compilación. For more information about how to configure CodeQL escaneo de código for compiled languages, see "Configuring the CodeQL workflow for compiled languages."

Uploading escaneo de código data to GitHub

GitHub can display code analysis data generated externally by a third-party tool. You can upload code analysis data with the upload-sarif action. For more information, see "Uploading a SARIF file to GitHub."