Configuring code scanning

About 代码扫描 configuration

You can run 代码扫描 within 您的 GitHub Enterprise Server 实例, using GitHub Actions, or from your continuous integration (CI) system, using the CodeQL runner. For more information about GitHub Actions, see "About GitHub Actions." For more information about the CodeQL runner, see "Running 代码扫描 in your CI system."

This article is about running 代码扫描 within GitHub Enterprise Server.

Before you can configure 代码扫描 for a repository, you must enable 代码扫描 by adding a GitHub Actions workflow to the repository. For more information, see "Enabling 代码扫描 for a repository."

一般情况下无需编辑 代码扫描 的默认工作流程。 但是，如果需要，您可以编辑工作流程以自定义某些设置。 例如，您可以编辑 GitHub 的 CodeQL 分析工作流程 来指定扫描频率、要扫描的语言或目录，以及 CodeQL 代码扫描 在代码中的查找内容。 如果您使用一组特定的命令来编译代码，您可能还需要编辑 CodeQL 分析工作流程。

CodeQL analysis is just one type of 代码扫描 you can do in GitHub. GitHub Marketplace on GitHub.com contains other 代码扫描 workflows you can use. The specific examples given in this article relate to the CodeQL 分析工作流程 file.

Editing a 代码扫描 workflow

GitHub saves workflow files in the .github/workflows directory of your repository. You can find a workflow you have enabled by searching for its file name. For example, by default, the workflow file for CodeQL 代码扫描 is called codeql-analysis.yml.

1. In your repository, browse to the workflow file you want to edit.
2. In the upper right corner of the file view, to open the workflow editor, click .
3. After you have edited the file, click Start commit and complete the "Commit changes" form. You can choose to commit directly to the current branch, or create a new branch and start a pull request.

For more information about editing workflow files, see "Learn GitHub Actions."

Configuring frequency

You can configure the CodeQL 分析工作流程 to scan code on a schedule or when specific events occur in a repository.

Scanning code when someone pushes a change, and whenever a pull request is created, prevents developers from introducing new vulnerabilities and errors into the code. Scanning code on a schedule informs you about the latest vulnerabilities and errors that GitHub, security researchers, and the community discover, even when developers aren't actively maintaining the repository.

Scanning on push

By default, the CodeQL 分析工作流程 uses the on.push event to trigger a code scan on every push to the default branch of the repository and any protected branches. For 代码扫描 to be triggered on a specified branch, the workflow must exist in that branch. For more information, see "Workflow syntax for GitHub Actions."

Scanning pull requests

The default CodeQL 分析工作流程 uses the pull_request event to trigger a code scan on pull requests targeted against the default branch. The pull_request event is not triggered if the pull request was opened from a private fork.

For more information about the pull_request event, see "Workflow syntax for GitHub Actions."

Avoiding unnecessary scans of pull requests

You might want to avoid a code scan being triggered on specific pull requests targeted against the default branch, irrespective of which files have been changed. You can configure this by specifying on:pull_request:paths-ignore or on:pull_request:paths in the 代码扫描 workflow. For example, if the only changes in a pull request are to files with the file extensions .md or .txt you can use the following paths-ignore array.

on:
  push:
    branches: [main, protected]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]
    paths-ignore:
      - '**/*.md'
      - '**/*.txt'

For more information about using on:pull_request:paths-ignore and on:pull_request:paths to determine when a workflow will run for a pull request, see "Workflow syntax for GitHub Actions."

Scanning on a schedule

If you use the default CodeQL 分析工作流程, the workflow will scan the code in your repository once a week, in addition to the scans triggered by events. To adjust this schedule, edit the cron value in the workflow. For more information, see "Workflow syntax for GitHub Actions."

Example

The following example shows a CodeQL 分析工作流程 for a particular repository that has a default branch called main and one protected branch called protected.

on:
  push:
    branches: [main, protected]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]
  schedule:
    - cron: '0 15 * * 0'

This workflow scans:

• Every push to the default branch and the protected branch
• Every pull request to the default branch
• The default branch at 3 P.M. every Sunday

Specifying an operating system

If your code requires a specific operating system to compile, you can configure the operating system in your CodeQL 分析工作流程. Edit the value of jobs.analyze.runs-on to specify the operating system for the machine that runs your 代码扫描 actions. You specify the operating system by using an appropriate label as the second element in a two-element array, after self-hosted.

jobs:
  analyze:
    name: Analyze
    runs-on: [self-hosted, ubuntu-latest]

CodeQL 代码扫描 supports the latest versions of Ubuntu, Windows, and macOS. Typical values for this setting are therefore: ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, and macos-latest. For more information, see "Workflow syntax for GitHub Actions" and "Using labels with self-hosted runners."

You must ensure that Git is in the PATH variable on your self-hosted runners.

Changing the languages that are analyzed

CodeQL 代码扫描 automatically detects code written in the supported languages.

The default CodeQL 分析工作流程 file contains a build matrix called language which lists the languages in your repository that are analyzed. CodeQL automatically populates this matrix when you add 代码扫描 to a repository. Using the language matrix optimizes CodeQL to run each analysis in parallel. We recommend that all workflows adopt this configuration due to the performance benefits of parallelizing builds. For more information about build matrices, see "Managing complex workflows."

如果仓库中包含多种支持的语言的代码，您可以选择要分析的语言。 在有些情况下您可能需要阻止分析某种语言。 例如，项目中可能存在与代码主体语言不同的依赖项，并且您可能不希望看到关于这些依赖项的警报。

If your workflow uses the language matrix then CodeQL is hardcoded to analyze only the languages in the matrix. To change the languages you want to analyze, edit the value of the matrix variable. You can remove a language to prevent it being analyzed or you can add a language that was not present in the repository when 代码扫描 was enabled. For example, if the repository initially only contained JavaScript when 代码扫描 was enabled, and you later added Python code, you will need to add python to the matrix.

jobs:
  analyze:
    name: Analyze
    ...
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        language: ['javascript', 'python']

If your workflow does not contain a matrix called language, then CodeQL is configured to run analysis sequentially. If you don't specify languages in the workflow, CodeQL automatically detects, and attempts to analyze, any supported languages in the repository. If you want to choose which languages to analyze, without using a matrix, you can use the languages parameter under the init action.

- uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
  with:
    languages: cpp, csharp, python

Running additional queries

使用 CodeQL 扫描代码时，CodeQL 分析引擎将从代码生成数据库并对其运行查询。 更多信息请参阅“关于 代码扫描”。

CodeQL 分析使用默认的查询集，但除了默认查询外，您还可以指定更多的查询来运行。 要运行的查询必须属于仓库中的 QL 包。 更多信息请参阅“关于 QL 包”。

查询只能依赖于标准库（即查询中的 import LANGUAGE 语句引用的库）或与查询相同的 QL 包中的库。 标准库位于 github/codeql 仓库中。 更多信息请参阅“关于 CodeQL 查询。”

您可以指定一个 .ql 文件（一个目录中包含多个 .ql 文件）、一个 .qls 查询套件定义文件或任意组合。 有关查询套件定义的更多信息，请参阅“创建 CodeQL 查询套件”。

To add one or more queries, add a with: queries: entry within the uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1 section of the workflow.

- uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
  with:
    queries: COMMA-SEPARATED LIST OF PATHS

You can also specify query suites in the value of queries. Query suites are collections of queries, usually grouped by purpose or language.

以下查询套件内置于 CodeQL 代码扫描，可供使用。

在指定查询套件时，CodeQL 分析引擎将运行套件中包含的查询，以及默认查询集。

If you are also using a configuration file for custom settings, any additional queries specified in your workflow are used instead of any specified in the configuration file. If you want to run the combined set of additional queries specified here and in the configuration file, prefix the value of queries in the workflow with the + symbol. For more information, see "Using a custom configuration file."

In the following example, the + symbol ensures that the specified additional queries are used together with any queries specified in the referenced configuration file.

- uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
  with:
    config-file: ./.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml
    queries: +security-and-quality,octo-org/python-qlpack/show_ifs.ql@main

Using a custom configuration file

As an alternative to specifying which queries to run in the workflow file, you can do this in a separate configuration file. You can also use a configuration file to disable the default queries and to specify which directories to scan during analysis.

In the workflow file, use the config-file parameter of the init action to specify the path to the configuration file you want to use. This example loads the configuration file ./.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml.

- uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
  with:
    config-file: ./.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml

The configuration file can be located within the local repository, or in a remote, public repository. Using a remote, public repository allows you to specify configuration options for multiple repositories in a single place. When you reference a configuration file located in a remote repository, you can use the OWNER/REPOSITORY/FILENAME@BRANCH syntax. For example, monacorp/shared/codeql-config.yml@main.

The settings in the file are written in YAML format.

Specifying additional queries

You specify additional queries in a queries array. Each element of the array contains a uses parameter with a value that identifies a single query file, a directory containing query files, or a query suite definition file.

queries:
  - uses: ./my-basic-queries/example-query.ql
  - uses: ./my-advanced-queries
  - uses: ./codeql-qlpacks/complex-python-qlpack/rootAndBar.qls

Optionally, you can give each array element a name, as shown in the example configuration files below.

For more information about additional queries, see "Running additional queries" above.

Disabling the default queries

If you only want to run custom queries, you can disable the default security queries by using disable-default-queries: true.

Specifying directories to scan

For the interpreted languages that CodeQL supports (Python and JavaScript/TypeScript), you can restrict 代码扫描 to files in specific directories by adding a paths array to the configuration file. You can exclude the files in specific directories from analysis by adding a paths-ignore array.

paths:
  - src
paths-ignore:
  - src/node_modules
  - '**/*.test.js'

For compiled languages, if you want to limit 代码扫描 to specific directories in your project, you must specify appropriate build steps in the workflow. The commands you need to use to exclude a directory from the build will depend on your build system. For more information, see "Configuring the CodeQL workflow for compiled languages."

You can quickly analyze small portions of a monorepo when you modify code in specific directories. You'll need to both exclude directories in your build steps and use the paths-ignore and paths keywords for on.<push|pull_request> in your workflow.

Example configuration files

当您扫描代码时，此配置文件将 security-and-quality 查询套件添加到 CodeQL 运行的查询列表。 有关可供使用的查询套件的更多信息，请参阅“运行其他查询”。

name: "My CodeQL config"

queries:
  - uses: security-and-quality

以下配置文件禁用默认查询，并指定一组要运行的自定义查询。 它还配置 CodeQL 扫描 src 目录中的文件（相对于根目录），并且排除 src/node_modules 目录以及名称以 .test.js 结尾的任何文件。 因此，src/node_modules 中的文件以及名称以 .test.js 结尾的文件被排除在分析之外。

name: "My CodeQL config"

disable-default-queries: true

queries:
  - name: Use an in-repository QL pack (run queries in the my-queries directory)
    uses: ./my-queries
  - name: Use an external JavaScript QL pack (run queries from an external repo)
    uses: octo-org/javascript-qlpack@main
  - name: Use an external query (run a single query from an external QL pack)
    uses: octo-org/python-qlpack/show_ifs.ql@main
  - name: Use a query suite file (run queries from a query suite in this repo)
    uses: ./codeql-qlpacks/complex-python-qlpack/rootAndBar.qls

paths:
  - src 
paths-ignore: 
  - src/node_modules
  - '**/*.test.js'

Configuring 代码扫描 for compiled languages

对于受支持的编译语言，您可以使用 CodeQL 分析工作流程 中的 autobuild 操作来构建代码。 这样您无需为 C/C++、C# 和 Java 指定显式构建命令。 CodeQL 也运行 Go 项目的构建来设置项目。 但是，与其他编译语言相比，仓库中的所有 Go 文件都是提取的，而不仅仅是构建的文件。 Go 不支持自定义构建命令。

如果仓库中的 C/C++、C# 或 Java 代码含有非标准的构建过程，autobuild 可能会失败。 您需要从工作流程中删除 autobuild 步骤，然后手动添加构建步骤。 For more information about how to configure CodeQL 代码扫描 for compiled languages, see "Configuring the CodeQL workflow for compiled languages."

Accessing private repositories

If your workflow for 代码扫描 accesses a private repository, other than the repository that contains the workflow, you'll need to configure Git to authenticate with a personal access token. Define the secret in the runner environment by using jobs.<job_id>.steps[*].env in your workflow before any CodeQL actions. For more information, see "Creating a personal access token for the command line" and "Creating and storing encrypted secrets."

For example, the following configuration has Git replace the full URLs to the ghost/foo, ghost/bar, and ghost/baz repositories on GitHub.com with URLs that include the personal access token that you store in the ACCESS_TOKEN environment variable.

steps:
- name: Configure access to private repositories
  env:
    TOKEN: ${{ secrets.ACCESS_TOKEN }}
  run: |
    git config --global url."https://${TOKEN}@github.com/ghost/foo".insteadOf "https://github.com/ghost/foo"
    git config --global url."https://${TOKEN}@github.com/ghost/bar".insteadOf "https://github.com/ghost/bar"
    git config --global url."https://${TOKEN}@github.com/ghost/baz".insteadOf "https://github.com/ghost/baz"

Uploading 代码扫描 data to GitHub

GitHub can display code analysis data generated externally by a third-party tool. You can upload code analysis data with the upload-sarif action. For more information, see "Uploading a SARIF file to GitHub."