注意:GitHub Enterprise Server 目前不支持 GitHub 托管的运行器。 可以在 GitHub public roadmap 上查看有关未来支持计划的更多信息。
简介
本指南演示了使用 Docker Hub redis
映像配置服务容器的工作流示例。 工作流程运行脚本来创建 Redis 客户端并使用数据填充客户端。 要测试工作流程是否创建并填充 Redis 客户端,脚本会将客户端数据打印到控制台。
注意:如果工作流使用 Docker 容器操作、作业容器或服务容器,则必须使用 Linux 运行器:
- 如果您要使用 GitHub 托管的运行器,则必须使用 Ubuntu 运行器。
- 如果您要使用自托管运行器,则必须使用 Linux 机器作为运行器,并且必须安装 Docker。
先决条件
您应该熟悉服务容器如何与 GitHub Actions 协同作用,以及直接在运行器上或在容器中运行任务之间的网络差异。 有关详细信息,请参阅“关于服务容器”。
你可能还会发现它也有助于基本了解 YAML、GitHub Actions 的语法和 Redis。 有关详细信息,请参阅:
在容器中运行作业
配置要在容器中运行的作业可简化作业与服务容器之间的网络配置。 同一用户定义的桥接网络上的 Docker 容器互相显示所有端口,因此您无需将任何服务容器端口映射到 Docker 主机。 您可以使用工作流程中配置的标签从作业容器访问服务容器。
你可以将此工作流文件复制到存储库的 .github/workflows
目录并根据需要进行修改。
name: Redis container example on: push jobs: # Label of the container job container-job: # Containers must run in Linux based operating systems runs-on: ubuntu-latest # Docker Hub image that `container-job` executes in container: node:10.18-jessie # Service containers to run with `container-job` services: # Label used to access the service container redis: # Docker Hub image image: redis # Set health checks to wait until redis has started options: >- --health-cmd "redis-cli ping" --health-interval 10s --health-timeout 5s --health-retries 5 steps: # Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests - name: Check out repository code uses: actions/checkout@v4 # Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file # For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html - name: Install dependencies run: npm ci - name: Connect to Redis # Runs a script that creates a Redis client, populates # the client with data, and retrieves data run: node client.js # Environment variable used by the `client.js` script to create a new Redis client. env: # The hostname used to communicate with the Redis service container REDIS_HOST: redis # The default Redis port REDIS_PORT: 6379
name: Redis container example
on: push
jobs:
# Label of the container job
container-job:
# Containers must run in Linux based operating systems
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
# Docker Hub image that `container-job` executes in
container: node:10.18-jessie
# Service containers to run with `container-job`
services:
# Label used to access the service container
redis:
# Docker Hub image
image: redis
# Set health checks to wait until redis has started
options: >-
--health-cmd "redis-cli ping"
--health-interval 10s
--health-timeout 5s
--health-retries 5
steps:
# Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests
- name: Check out repository code
uses: actions/checkout@v4
# Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file
# For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html
- name: Install dependencies
run: npm ci
- name: Connect to Redis
# Runs a script that creates a Redis client, populates
# the client with data, and retrieves data
run: node client.js
# Environment variable used by the `client.js` script to create a new Redis client.
env:
# The hostname used to communicate with the Redis service container
REDIS_HOST: redis
# The default Redis port
REDIS_PORT: 6379
配置容器作业
此工作流配置在 node:10.18-jessie
容器中运行的作业,并使用 ubuntu-latest
运行器作为容器的 Docker 主机。 有关 node:10.18-jessie
容器的详细信息,请参阅 Docker Hub 上的此节点映像。
工作流用 redis
标签配置服务容器。 所有服务必须在容器中运行,因此每项服务都需要指定容器 image
。 此示例使用 redis
容器映像,并包括状态检查选项以确保服务正在运行。 在映像名称上附加一个标签以指定版本,例如 redis:6
。 有关详细信息,请参阅 Docker Hub 上的 redis 映像。
jobs: # Label of the container job container-job: # Containers must run in Linux based operating systems runs-on: ubuntu-latest # Docker Hub image that `container-job` executes in container: node:10.18-jessie # Service containers to run with `container-job` services: # Label used to access the service container redis: # Docker Hub image image: redis # Set health checks to wait until redis has started options: >- --health-cmd "redis-cli ping" --health-interval 10s --health-timeout 5s --health-retries 5
jobs:
# Label of the container job
container-job:
# Containers must run in Linux based operating systems
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
# Docker Hub image that `container-job` executes in
container: node:10.18-jessie
# Service containers to run with `container-job`
services:
# Label used to access the service container
redis:
# Docker Hub image
image: redis
# Set health checks to wait until redis has started
options: >-
--health-cmd "redis-cli ping"
--health-interval 10s
--health-timeout 5s
--health-retries 5
配置容器作业的步骤
工作流程执行以下步骤:
- 检出运行器上的仓库
- 安装依赖项
- 运行脚本来创建客户端
steps: # Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests - name: Check out repository code uses: actions/checkout@v4 # Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file # For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html - name: Install dependencies run: npm ci - name: Connect to Redis # Runs a script that creates a Redis client, populates # the client with data, and retrieves data run: node client.js # Environment variable used by the `client.js` script to create a new Redis client. env: # The hostname used to communicate with the Redis service container REDIS_HOST: redis # The default Redis port REDIS_PORT: 6379
steps:
# Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests
- name: Check out repository code
uses: actions/checkout@v4
# Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file
# For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html
- name: Install dependencies
run: npm ci
- name: Connect to Redis
# Runs a script that creates a Redis client, populates
# the client with data, and retrieves data
run: node client.js
# Environment variable used by the `client.js` script to create a new Redis client.
env:
# The hostname used to communicate with the Redis service container
REDIS_HOST: redis
# The default Redis port
REDIS_PORT: 6379
client.js 脚本查找 REDIS_HOST
和 REDIS_PORT
环境变量以创建客户端。 工作流将这两个环境变量设置为“连接到 Redis”步骤的一部分,以使它们可供 client.js 脚本使用。 有关该脚本的详细信息,请参阅“测试 Redis 服务容器”。
Redis 服务的主机名是在工作流中配置的标签,在本例中,主机名为 redis
。 由于同一用户定义的网桥网络上的 Docker 容器默认打开所有端口,因此您将能够访问默认 Redis 端口 6379 上的服务容器。
直接在运行器机器上运行作业
直接在运行器机器上运行作业时,需要将服务容器上的端口映射到 Docker 主机上的端口。 可以使用 localhost
和 Docker 主机端口号从 Docker 主机访问服务容器。
你可以将此工作流文件复制到存储库的 .github/workflows
目录并根据需要进行修改。
name: Redis runner example on: push jobs: # Label of the runner job runner-job: # You must use a Linux environment when using service containers or container jobs runs-on: ubuntu-latest # Service containers to run with `runner-job` services: # Label used to access the service container redis: # Docker Hub image image: redis # Set health checks to wait until redis has started options: >- --health-cmd "redis-cli ping" --health-interval 10s --health-timeout 5s --health-retries 5 ports: # Maps port 6379 on service container to the host - 6379:6379 steps: # Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests - name: Check out repository code uses: actions/checkout@v4 # Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file # For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html - name: Install dependencies run: npm ci - name: Connect to Redis # Runs a script that creates a Redis client, populates # the client with data, and retrieves data run: node client.js # Environment variable used by the `client.js` script to create # a new Redis client. env: # The hostname used to communicate with the Redis service container REDIS_HOST: localhost # The default Redis port REDIS_PORT: 6379
name: Redis runner example
on: push
jobs:
# Label of the runner job
runner-job:
# You must use a Linux environment when using service containers or container jobs
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
# Service containers to run with `runner-job`
services:
# Label used to access the service container
redis:
# Docker Hub image
image: redis
# Set health checks to wait until redis has started
options: >-
--health-cmd "redis-cli ping"
--health-interval 10s
--health-timeout 5s
--health-retries 5
ports:
# Maps port 6379 on service container to the host
- 6379:6379
steps:
# Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests
- name: Check out repository code
uses: actions/checkout@v4
# Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file
# For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html
- name: Install dependencies
run: npm ci
- name: Connect to Redis
# Runs a script that creates a Redis client, populates
# the client with data, and retrieves data
run: node client.js
# Environment variable used by the `client.js` script to create
# a new Redis client.
env:
# The hostname used to communicate with the Redis service container
REDIS_HOST: localhost
# The default Redis port
REDIS_PORT: 6379
配置运行器作业
示例使用 ubuntu-latest
运行器作为 Docker 主机。
工作流用 redis
标签配置服务容器。 所有服务必须在容器中运行,因此每项服务都需要指定容器 image
。 此示例使用 redis
容器映像,并包括状态检查选项以确保服务正在运行。 在映像名称上附加一个标签以指定版本,例如 redis:6
。 有关详细信息,请参阅 Docker Hub 上的 redis 映像。
工作流程将 Redis 服务容器上的端口 6379 映射到 Docker 主机。 要详细了解 ports
密钥,请参阅“关于服务容器”。
jobs: # Label of the runner job runner-job: # You must use a Linux environment when using service containers or container jobs runs-on: ubuntu-latest # Service containers to run with `runner-job` services: # Label used to access the service container redis: # Docker Hub image image: redis # Set health checks to wait until redis has started options: >- --health-cmd "redis-cli ping" --health-interval 10s --health-timeout 5s --health-retries 5 ports: # Maps port 6379 on service container to the host - 6379:6379
jobs:
# Label of the runner job
runner-job:
# You must use a Linux environment when using service containers or container jobs
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
# Service containers to run with `runner-job`
services:
# Label used to access the service container
redis:
# Docker Hub image
image: redis
# Set health checks to wait until redis has started
options: >-
--health-cmd "redis-cli ping"
--health-interval 10s
--health-timeout 5s
--health-retries 5
ports:
# Maps port 6379 on service container to the host
- 6379:6379
配置运行器作业的步骤
工作流程执行以下步骤:
- 检出运行器上的仓库
- 安装依赖项
- 运行脚本来创建客户端
steps: # Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests - name: Check out repository code uses: actions/checkout@v4 # Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file # For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html - name: Install dependencies run: npm ci - name: Connect to Redis # Runs a script that creates a Redis client, populates # the client with data, and retrieves data run: node client.js # Environment variable used by the `client.js` script to create # a new Redis client. env: # The hostname used to communicate with the Redis service container REDIS_HOST: localhost # The default Redis port REDIS_PORT: 6379
steps:
# Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests
- name: Check out repository code
uses: actions/checkout@v4
# Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file
# For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html
- name: Install dependencies
run: npm ci
- name: Connect to Redis
# Runs a script that creates a Redis client, populates
# the client with data, and retrieves data
run: node client.js
# Environment variable used by the `client.js` script to create
# a new Redis client.
env:
# The hostname used to communicate with the Redis service container
REDIS_HOST: localhost
# The default Redis port
REDIS_PORT: 6379
client.js 脚本查找 REDIS_HOST
和 REDIS_PORT
环境变量以创建客户端。 工作流将这两个环境变量设置为“连接到 Redis”步骤的一部分,以使它们可供 client.js 脚本使用。 有关该脚本的详细信息,请参阅“测试 Redis 服务容器”。
主机名为 localhost
或 127.0.0.1
。
测试 Redis 服务容器
您可以使用以下脚本测试工作流程,该脚本将创建 Redis 客户端,并使用某些占位符数据填充客户端。 然后,脚本将存储在 Redis 客户端中的值打印到终端。 你的脚本可以使用任何你喜欢的语言,但此示例使用 Node.js 和 redis
npm 模块。 有关详细信息,请参阅 npm redis 模块。
可以修改 client.js 以包含工作流所需的任何 Redis 操作。 在此示例中,脚本创建 Redis 客户端实例、添加占位符数据,然后检索数据。
使用以下代码将名为 client.js 的新文件添加到存储库。
const redis = require("redis"); // Creates a new Redis client // If REDIS_HOST is not set, the default host is localhost // If REDIS_PORT is not set, the default port is 6379 const redisClient = redis.createClient({ url: `redis://${process.env.REDIS_HOST}:${process.env.REDIS_PORT}` }); redisClient.on("error", (err) => console.log("Error", err)); (async () => { await redisClient.connect(); // Sets the key "octocat" to a value of "Mona the octocat" const setKeyReply = await redisClient.set("octocat", "Mona the Octocat"); console.log("Reply: " + setKeyReply); // Sets a key to "species", field to "octocat", and "value" to "Cat and Octopus" const SetFieldOctocatReply = await redisClient.hSet("species", "octocat", "Cat and Octopus"); console.log("Reply: " + SetFieldOctocatReply); // Sets a key to "species", field to "dinotocat", and "value" to "Dinosaur and Octopus" const SetFieldDinotocatReply = await redisClient.hSet("species", "dinotocat", "Dinosaur and Octopus"); console.log("Reply: " + SetFieldDinotocatReply); // Sets a key to "species", field to "robotocat", and "value" to "Cat and Robot" const SetFieldRobotocatReply = await redisClient.hSet("species", "robotocat", "Cat and Robot"); console.log("Reply: " + SetFieldRobotocatReply); try { // Gets all fields in "species" key const replies = await redisClient.hKeys("species"); console.log(replies.length + " replies:"); replies.forEach((reply, i) => { console.log(" " + i + ": " + reply); }); await redisClient.quit(); } catch (err) { // statements to handle any exceptions } })();
const redis = require("redis");
// Creates a new Redis client
// If REDIS_HOST is not set, the default host is localhost
// If REDIS_PORT is not set, the default port is 6379
const redisClient = redis.createClient({
url: `redis://${process.env.REDIS_HOST}:${process.env.REDIS_PORT}`
});
redisClient.on("error", (err) => console.log("Error", err));
(async () => {
await redisClient.connect();
// Sets the key "octocat" to a value of "Mona the octocat"
const setKeyReply = await redisClient.set("octocat", "Mona the Octocat");
console.log("Reply: " + setKeyReply);
// Sets a key to "species", field to "octocat", and "value" to "Cat and Octopus"
const SetFieldOctocatReply = await redisClient.hSet("species", "octocat", "Cat and Octopus");
console.log("Reply: " + SetFieldOctocatReply);
// Sets a key to "species", field to "dinotocat", and "value" to "Dinosaur and Octopus"
const SetFieldDinotocatReply = await redisClient.hSet("species", "dinotocat", "Dinosaur and Octopus");
console.log("Reply: " + SetFieldDinotocatReply);
// Sets a key to "species", field to "robotocat", and "value" to "Cat and Robot"
const SetFieldRobotocatReply = await redisClient.hSet("species", "robotocat", "Cat and Robot");
console.log("Reply: " + SetFieldRobotocatReply);
try {
// Gets all fields in "species" key
const replies = await redisClient.hKeys("species");
console.log(replies.length + " replies:");
replies.forEach((reply, i) => {
console.log(" " + i + ": " + reply);
});
await redisClient.quit();
}
catch (err) {
// statements to handle any exceptions
}
})();
该脚本使用 createClient
方法创建新的 Redis 客户端,该方法接受 host
和 port
参数。 该脚本使用 REDIS_HOST
和 REDIS_PORT
环境变量来设置客户端的 IP 地址和端口。 如果未定义 host
和 port
,则默认主机为 localhost
,默认端口为 6379。
该脚本使用 set
和 hset
方法,使用某些键、字段和值填充数据库。 要确认 Redis 客户端是否包含数据,脚本会将数据库的内容打印到控制台日志。
运行此工作流程时,应会在“连接到 Redis”步骤中看到以下输出,确认您创建了 Redis 客户端并添加了数据:
Reply: OK
Reply: 1
Reply: 1
Reply: 1
3 replies:
0: octocat
1: dinotocat
2: robotocat