注意:GitHub Enterprise Server 目前不支持 GitHub 托管的运行器。 可以在 GitHub public roadmap 上查看有关未来支持计划的更多信息。
简介
本指南演示了使用 Docker Hub postgres
映像配置服务容器的工作流示例。 工作流程运行一个脚本,以连接到 PostgreSQL 服务,创建一个表,然后用数据填充该表。 为了测试工作流程是否创建并填充 PostgreSQL 表,脚本会将表中的数据打印到控制台。
注意:如果工作流使用 Docker 容器操作、作业容器或服务容器,则必须使用 Linux 运行器:
- 如果您要使用 GitHub 托管的运行器,则必须使用 Ubuntu 运行器。
- 如果您要使用自托管运行器,则必须使用 Linux 机器作为运行器,并且必须安装 Docker。
先决条件
您应该熟悉服务容器如何与 GitHub Actions 协同作用,以及直接在运行器上或在容器中运行任务之间的网络差异。 有关详细信息,请参阅“关于服务容器”。
你可能还会发现它也有助于基本了解 YAML、GitHub Actions 的语法和 PostgreSQL。 有关详细信息,请参阅:
- “写入工作流”
- PostgreSQL 文档中的“PostgreSQL 教程”
在容器中运行作业
配置要在容器中运行的作业可简化作业与服务容器之间的网络配置。 同一用户定义的桥接网络上的 Docker 容器互相显示所有端口,因此您无需将任何服务容器端口映射到 Docker 主机。 您可以使用工作流程中配置的标签从作业容器访问服务容器。
你可以将此工作流文件复制到存储库的 .github/workflows
目录并根据需要进行修改。
name: PostgreSQL service example on: push jobs: # Label of the container job container-job: # Containers must run in Linux based operating systems runs-on: ubuntu-latest # Docker Hub image that `container-job` executes in container: node:20-bookworm-slim # Service containers to run with `container-job` services: # Label used to access the service container postgres: # Docker Hub image image: postgres # Provide the password for postgres env: POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres # Set health checks to wait until postgres has started options: >- --health-cmd pg_isready --health-interval 10s --health-timeout 5s --health-retries 5 steps: # Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests - name: Check out repository code uses: actions/checkout@v4 # Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file # For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html - name: Install dependencies run: npm ci - name: Connect to PostgreSQL # Runs a script that creates a PostgreSQL table, populates # the table with data, and then retrieves the data. run: node client.js # Environment variables used by the `client.js` script to create a new PostgreSQL table. env: # The hostname used to communicate with the PostgreSQL service container POSTGRES_HOST: postgres # The default PostgreSQL port POSTGRES_PORT: 5432
name: PostgreSQL service example
on: push
jobs:
# Label of the container job
container-job:
# Containers must run in Linux based operating systems
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
# Docker Hub image that `container-job` executes in
container: node:20-bookworm-slim
# Service containers to run with `container-job`
services:
# Label used to access the service container
postgres:
# Docker Hub image
image: postgres
# Provide the password for postgres
env:
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
# Set health checks to wait until postgres has started
options: >-
--health-cmd pg_isready
--health-interval 10s
--health-timeout 5s
--health-retries 5
steps:
# Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests
- name: Check out repository code
uses: actions/checkout@v4
# Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file
# For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html
- name: Install dependencies
run: npm ci
- name: Connect to PostgreSQL
# Runs a script that creates a PostgreSQL table, populates
# the table with data, and then retrieves the data.
run: node client.js
# Environment variables used by the `client.js` script to create a new PostgreSQL table.
env:
# The hostname used to communicate with the PostgreSQL service container
POSTGRES_HOST: postgres
# The default PostgreSQL port
POSTGRES_PORT: 5432
为容器中的作业配置运行器作业
此工作流配置在 node:20-bookworm-slim
容器中运行的作业,并使用 ubuntu-latest
运行器作为容器的 Docker 主机。 有关 node:20-bookworm-slim
容器的详细信息,请参阅 Docker Hub 上的此节点映像。
工作流用 postgres
标签配置服务容器。 所有服务必须在容器中运行,因此每项服务都需要指定容器 image
。 此示例使用 postgres
容器映像,提供默认的 PostgreSQL 密码,并包括状态检查选项以确保服务正在运行。 有关详细信息,请参阅 Docker Hub 上的 postgres 映像。
jobs: # Label of the container job container-job: # Containers must run in Linux based operating systems runs-on: ubuntu-latest # Docker Hub image that `container-job` executes in container: node:20-bookworm-slim # Service containers to run with `container-job` services: # Label used to access the service container postgres: # Docker Hub image image: postgres # Provide the password for postgres env: POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres # Set health checks to wait until postgres has started options: >- --health-cmd pg_isready --health-interval 10s --health-timeout 5s --health-retries 5
jobs:
# Label of the container job
container-job:
# Containers must run in Linux based operating systems
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
# Docker Hub image that `container-job` executes in
container: node:20-bookworm-slim
# Service containers to run with `container-job`
services:
# Label used to access the service container
postgres:
# Docker Hub image
image: postgres
# Provide the password for postgres
env:
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
# Set health checks to wait until postgres has started
options: >-
--health-cmd pg_isready
--health-interval 10s
--health-timeout 5s
--health-retries 5
为容器中的作业配置步骤
工作流程执行以下步骤:
- 检出运行器上的仓库
- 安装依赖项
- 运行脚本来创建客户端
steps: # Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests - name: Check out repository code uses: actions/checkout@v4 # Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file # For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html - name: Install dependencies run: npm ci - name: Connect to PostgreSQL # Runs a script that creates a PostgreSQL table, populates # the table with data, and then retrieves the data. run: node client.js # Environment variable used by the `client.js` script to create # a new PostgreSQL client. env: # The hostname used to communicate with the PostgreSQL service container POSTGRES_HOST: postgres # The default PostgreSQL port POSTGRES_PORT: 5432
steps:
# Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests
- name: Check out repository code
uses: actions/checkout@v4
# Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file
# For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html
- name: Install dependencies
run: npm ci
- name: Connect to PostgreSQL
# Runs a script that creates a PostgreSQL table, populates
# the table with data, and then retrieves the data.
run: node client.js
# Environment variable used by the `client.js` script to create
# a new PostgreSQL client.
env:
# The hostname used to communicate with the PostgreSQL service container
POSTGRES_HOST: postgres
# The default PostgreSQL port
POSTGRES_PORT: 5432
client.js 脚本查找 POSTGRES_HOST
和 POSTGRES_PORT
环境变量以创建客户端。 工作流将这两个环境变量设置为“连接到 PostgreSQL”步骤的一部分,以使它们可供 client.js 脚本使用。 有关该脚本的详细信息,请参阅“测试 PostgreSQL 服务容器”。
PostgreSQL 服务的主机名是在工作流中配置的标签,在本例中,主机名为 postgres
。 由于同一用户定义的网桥网络上的 Docker 容器默认打开所有端口,因此您将能够访问默认 PostgreSQL 端口 5432 上的服务容器。
直接在运行器机器上运行作业
直接在运行器机器上运行作业时,需要将服务容器上的端口映射到 Docker 主机上的端口。 可以使用 localhost
和 Docker 主机端口号从 Docker 主机访问服务容器。
你可以将此工作流文件复制到存储库的 .github/workflows
目录并根据需要进行修改。
name: PostgreSQL Service Example on: push jobs: # Label of the runner job runner-job: # You must use a Linux environment when using service containers or container jobs runs-on: ubuntu-latest # Service containers to run with `runner-job` services: # Label used to access the service container postgres: # Docker Hub image image: postgres # Provide the password for postgres env: POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres # Set health checks to wait until postgres has started options: >- --health-cmd pg_isready --health-interval 10s --health-timeout 5s --health-retries 5 ports: # Maps tcp port 5432 on service container to the host - 5432:5432 steps: # Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests - name: Check out repository code uses: actions/checkout@v4 # Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file # For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html - name: Install dependencies run: npm ci - name: Connect to PostgreSQL # Runs a script that creates a PostgreSQL table, populates # the table with data, and then retrieves the data run: node client.js # Environment variables used by the `client.js` script to create # a new PostgreSQL table. env: # The hostname used to communicate with the PostgreSQL service container POSTGRES_HOST: localhost # The default PostgreSQL port POSTGRES_PORT: 5432
name: PostgreSQL Service Example
on: push
jobs:
# Label of the runner job
runner-job:
# You must use a Linux environment when using service containers or container jobs
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
# Service containers to run with `runner-job`
services:
# Label used to access the service container
postgres:
# Docker Hub image
image: postgres
# Provide the password for postgres
env:
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
# Set health checks to wait until postgres has started
options: >-
--health-cmd pg_isready
--health-interval 10s
--health-timeout 5s
--health-retries 5
ports:
# Maps tcp port 5432 on service container to the host
- 5432:5432
steps:
# Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests
- name: Check out repository code
uses: actions/checkout@v4
# Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file
# For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html
- name: Install dependencies
run: npm ci
- name: Connect to PostgreSQL
# Runs a script that creates a PostgreSQL table, populates
# the table with data, and then retrieves the data
run: node client.js
# Environment variables used by the `client.js` script to create
# a new PostgreSQL table.
env:
# The hostname used to communicate with the PostgreSQL service container
POSTGRES_HOST: localhost
# The default PostgreSQL port
POSTGRES_PORT: 5432
为直接在运行器机器上运行的作业配置运行器作业
示例使用 ubuntu-latest
运行器作为 Docker 主机。
工作流用 postgres
标签配置服务容器。 所有服务必须在容器中运行,因此每项服务都需要指定容器 image
。 此示例使用 postgres
容器映像,提供默认的 PostgreSQL 密码,并包括状态检查选项以确保服务正在运行。 有关详细信息,请参阅 Docker Hub 上的 postgres 映像。
工作流程将 PostgreSQL 服务容器上的端口 5432 映射到 Docker 主机。 要详细了解 ports
密钥,请参阅“关于服务容器”。
jobs: # Label of the runner job runner-job: # You must use a Linux environment when using service containers or container jobs runs-on: ubuntu-latest # Service containers to run with `runner-job` services: # Label used to access the service container postgres: # Docker Hub image image: postgres # Provide the password for postgres env: POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres # Set health checks to wait until postgres has started options: >- --health-cmd pg_isready --health-interval 10s --health-timeout 5s --health-retries 5 ports: # Maps tcp port 5432 on service container to the host - 5432:5432
jobs:
# Label of the runner job
runner-job:
# You must use a Linux environment when using service containers or container jobs
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
# Service containers to run with `runner-job`
services:
# Label used to access the service container
postgres:
# Docker Hub image
image: postgres
# Provide the password for postgres
env:
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
# Set health checks to wait until postgres has started
options: >-
--health-cmd pg_isready
--health-interval 10s
--health-timeout 5s
--health-retries 5
ports:
# Maps tcp port 5432 on service container to the host
- 5432:5432
为直接在运行器机器上运行的作业配置步骤
工作流程执行以下步骤:
- 检出运行器上的仓库
- 安装依赖项
- 运行脚本来创建客户端
steps: # Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests - name: Check out repository code uses: actions/checkout@v4 # Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file # For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html - name: Install dependencies run: npm ci - name: Connect to PostgreSQL # Runs a script that creates a PostgreSQL table, populates # the table with data, and then retrieves the data run: node client.js # Environment variables used by the `client.js` script to create # a new PostgreSQL table. env: # The hostname used to communicate with the PostgreSQL service container POSTGRES_HOST: localhost # The default PostgreSQL port POSTGRES_PORT: 5432
steps:
# Downloads a copy of the code in your repository before running CI tests
- name: Check out repository code
uses: actions/checkout@v4
# Performs a clean installation of all dependencies in the `package.json` file
# For more information, see https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ci.html
- name: Install dependencies
run: npm ci
- name: Connect to PostgreSQL
# Runs a script that creates a PostgreSQL table, populates
# the table with data, and then retrieves the data
run: node client.js
# Environment variables used by the `client.js` script to create
# a new PostgreSQL table.
env:
# The hostname used to communicate with the PostgreSQL service container
POSTGRES_HOST: localhost
# The default PostgreSQL port
POSTGRES_PORT: 5432
client.js 脚本查找 POSTGRES_HOST
和 POSTGRES_PORT
环境变量以创建客户端。 工作流将这两个环境变量设置为“连接到 PostgreSQL”步骤的一部分,以使它们可供 client.js 脚本使用。 有关该脚本的详细信息,请参阅“测试 PostgreSQL 服务容器”。
主机名为 localhost
或 127.0.0.1
。
测试 PostgreSQL 服务容器
您可以使用以下脚本测试工作流程,该脚本将连接到 PostgreSQL 服务,并添加包含某些占位符数据的新表。 然后,脚本将存储在 PostgreSQL 表中的值打印到终端。 你的脚本可以使用任何你喜欢的语言,但此示例使用 Node.js 和 pg
npm 模块。 有关详细信息,请参阅 npm pg 模块。
可以修改 client.js 以包含工作流所需的任何 PostgreSQL 操作。 在本例中,脚本连接到 PostgreSQL 服务,向 postgres
数据库添加一个表,插入一些占位符数据,然后检索数据。
使用以下代码将名为 client.js 的新文件添加到存储库。
const { Client } = require('pg'); const pgclient = new Client({ host: process.env.POSTGRES_HOST, port: process.env.POSTGRES_PORT, user: 'postgres', password: 'postgres', database: 'postgres' }); pgclient.connect(); const table = 'CREATE TABLE student(id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, firstName VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL, lastName VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL, age INT, address VARCHAR(80), email VARCHAR(40))' const text = 'INSERT INTO student(firstname, lastname, age, address, email) VALUES($1, $2, $3, $4, $5) RETURNING *' const values = ['Mona the', 'Octocat', 9, '88 Colin P Kelly Jr St, San Francisco, CA 94107, United States', 'octocat@github.com'] pgclient.query(table, (err, res) => { if (err) throw err }); pgclient.query(text, values, (err, res) => { if (err) throw err }); pgclient.query('SELECT * FROM student', (err, res) => { if (err) throw err console.log(err, res.rows) // Print the data in student table pgclient.end() });
const { Client } = require('pg');
const pgclient = new Client({
host: process.env.POSTGRES_HOST,
port: process.env.POSTGRES_PORT,
user: 'postgres',
password: 'postgres',
database: 'postgres'
});
pgclient.connect();
const table = 'CREATE TABLE student(id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, firstName VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL, lastName VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL, age INT, address VARCHAR(80), email VARCHAR(40))'
const text = 'INSERT INTO student(firstname, lastname, age, address, email) VALUES($1, $2, $3, $4, $5) RETURNING *'
const values = ['Mona the', 'Octocat', 9, '88 Colin P Kelly Jr St, San Francisco, CA 94107, United States', 'octocat@github.com']
pgclient.query(table, (err, res) => {
if (err) throw err
});
pgclient.query(text, values, (err, res) => {
if (err) throw err
});
pgclient.query('SELECT * FROM student', (err, res) => {
if (err) throw err
console.log(err, res.rows) // Print the data in student table
pgclient.end()
});
该脚本会创建与 PostgreSQL 服务的新连接,并使用 POSTGRES_HOST
和 POSTGRES_PORT
环境变量来指定 PostgreSQL 服务 IP 地址和端口。 如果未定义 host
和 port
,则默认主机为 localhost
,默认端口为 5432。
脚本创建一个表并将用占位符数据添加。 要测试 postgres
数据库是否包含数据,脚本会将表的内容打印到控制台日志。
运行此工作流程时,应会在“连接到 PostgreSQL”步骤中看到以下输出,确认您成功创建了 PostgreSQL 表并添加了数据:
null [ { id: 1,
firstname: 'Mona the',
lastname: 'Octocat',
age: 9,
address:
'88 Colin P Kelly Jr St, San Francisco, CA 94107, United States',
email: 'octocat@github.com' } ]