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스크립트를 사용하여 실행기에서 코드 테스트

CI(연속 통합)를 위해 필수 GitHub Actions 기능을 사용하는 방법입니다.

예제 개요

이 문서에서는 예제 워크플로를 사용하여 GitHub Actions의 주요 CI 기능 중 일부를 보여 줍니다. 이 워크플로가 트리거되면 GitHub Docs 사이트에 끊어진 링크가 있는지 여부를 확인하는 스크립트가 자동으로 실행됩니다.

다음 다이어그램에서는 워크플로의 단계와 작업 내에서 실행되는 방법에 대한 개략적인 보기를 보여 줍니다.

스크립트를 사용하여 코드를 테스트하는 워크플로를 트리거하는 이벤트의 다이어그램입니다.

이 예제에서 사용되는 기능

예제 워크플로는 GitHub Actions의 다음 기능을 보여 줍니다.

기능구현
워크플로 자동 실행 트리거:push
워크플로 자동 실행 트리거:pull_request
UI에서 워크플로 수동 실행workflow_dispatch
토큰에 대한 사용 권한 설정permissions
동시에 실행할 수 있는 워크플로 실행 또는 작업 수 제어concurrency
리포지토리에 따라 다른 실행기에서 작업 실행runs-on
실행기에 node 설치actions/setup-node
타사 작업 사용:trilom/file-changes-action

예시 워크플로

다음 워크플로는 GitHub Docs Engineering 팀에서 만들었습니다. github/docs 리포지토리에서 이 파일의 최신 버전을 검토하려면 다음을 참조하세요. check-broken-links-github-github.yml.

다음 워크플로는 설명서의 모든 페이지의 콘텐츠를 렌더링하고 모든 내부 링크가 올바르게 연결되는지 확인합니다.

YAML
name: 'Link Checker: All English'

이렇게 하면 GitHub 리포지토리의 "작업" 탭에 표시되는 워크플로의 이름이 정의됩니다.

on:

The on key lets you define the events that trigger when the workflow is run. You can define multiple events here. For more information, see "워크플로 트리거."

  workflow_dispatch:

Add the workflow_dispatch event if you want to be able to manually run this workflow from the UI. For more information, see workflow_dispatch.

  push:
    branches:
      - main

Add the push event, so that the workflow runs automatically every time a commit is pushed to a branch called main. For more information, see push.

  pull_request:

Add the pull_request event, so that the workflow runs automatically every time a pull request is created or updated. For more information, see pull_request.

permissions:
  contents: read
  pull-requests: read

This modifies the default permissions granted to GITHUB_TOKEN. This will vary depending on the needs of your workflow. For more information, see "작업에 권한 할당."

In this example, the pull-requests: read permission is needed for the trilom/file-changes-action action that is used later in this workflow.

concurrency:
  group: '${{ github.workflow }} @ ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.label || github.head_ref || github.ref }}'
  cancel-in-progress: true

The concurrency key ensures that only a single workflow in the same concurrency group will run at the same time. For more information, see "동시성 사용." concurrency.group generates a concurrency group name from the workflow name and pull request information. The || operator is used to define fallback values. concurrency.cancel-in-progress cancels any currently running job or workflow in the same concurrency group.

jobs:

The jobs key groups together all the jobs that run in the workflow file.

  check-links:

This line defines a job with the ID check-links that is stored within the jobs key.

    runs-on: ${{ fromJSON('["ubuntu-latest", "self-hosted"]')[github.repository == 'github/docs-internal'] }}

The runs-on key in this example configures the job to run on a GitHub-hosted runner or a self-hosted runner, depending on the repository running the workflow.

In this example, the job will run on a self-hosted runner if the repository is named docs-internal and is within the github organization. If the repository doesn't match this path, then it will run on an ubuntu-latest runner hosted by GitHub. For more information on these options, see "작업에 대한 실행기 선택."

    steps:

The steps key groups together all the steps that will run as part of the check-links job. Each job in a workflow has its own steps section.

      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@v4

The uses key tells the job to retrieve the action named actions/checkout. This is an action that checks out your repository and downloads it to the runner, allowing you to run actions against your code (such as testing tools). You must use the checkout action any time your workflow will use the repository's code or you are using an action defined in the repository.

      - name: Setup node
        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: 16.13.x
          cache: npm

This step uses the actions/setup-node action to install the specified version of the Node.js software package on the runner, which gives you access to the npm command.

      - name: Install
        run: npm ci

The run key tells the job to execute a command on the runner. In this example, npm ci is used to install the npm software packages for the project.

      - name: Gather files changed
        uses: trilom/file-changes-action@a6ca26c14274c33b15e6499323aac178af06ad4b
        with:
          fileOutput: 'json'

This step uses the trilom/file-changes-action action to gather all the changed files. This example is pinned to a specific version of the action, using the a6ca26c14274c33b15e6499323aac178af06ad4b SHA.

In this example, this step creates the file "${{ env.HOME }}/files.json", among others.

      - name: Show files changed
        run: cat $HOME/files.json

To help with verification, this step lists the contents of files.json. This will be visible in the workflow run's log, and can be useful for debugging.

      - name: Link check (warnings, changed files)
        run: |
          ./script/rendered-content-link-checker.mjs \
            --language en \
            --max 100 \
            --check-anchors \
            --check-images \
            --verbose \
            --list $HOME/files.json

This step uses the run command to execute a script that is stored in the repository at script/rendered-content-link-checker.mjs and passes all the parameters it needs to run.

      - name: Link check (critical, all files)
        run: |
          ./script/rendered-content-link-checker.mjs \
            --language en \
            --exit \
            --verbose \
            --check-images \
            --level critical

This step also uses run command to execute a script that is stored in the repository at script/rendered-content-link-checker.mjs and passes a different set of parameters.

# 이렇게 하면 GitHub 리포지토리의 "작업" 탭에 표시되는 워크플로의 이름이 정의됩니다.
name: 'Link Checker: All English'

# The `on` key lets you define the events that trigger when the workflow is run. You can define multiple events here. For more information, see "[AUTOTITLE](/actions/using-workflows/triggering-a-workflow#using-events-to-trigger-workflows)."
on:
# Add the `workflow_dispatch` event if you want to be able to manually run this workflow from the UI. For more information, see [`workflow_dispatch`](/actions/using-workflows/events-that-trigger-workflows#workflow_dispatch).
  workflow_dispatch:
  # Add the `push` event, so that the workflow runs automatically every time a commit is pushed to a branch called `main`. For more information, see [`push`](/actions/using-workflows/events-that-trigger-workflows#push).
  push:
    branches:
      - main
  # Add the `pull_request` event, so that the workflow runs automatically every time a pull request is created or updated. For more information, see [`pull_request`](/actions/using-workflows/events-that-trigger-workflows#pull_request).
  pull_request:

# This modifies the default permissions granted to `GITHUB_TOKEN`. This will vary depending on the needs of your workflow. For more information, see "[AUTOTITLE](/actions/using-jobs/assigning-permissions-to-jobs)."
#
# In this example, the `pull-requests: read` permission is needed for the `trilom/file-changes-action` action that is used later in this workflow.
permissions:
  contents: read
  pull-requests: read
# The `concurrency` key ensures that only a single workflow in the same concurrency group will run at the same time. For more information, see "[AUTOTITLE](/actions/using-jobs/using-concurrency)."
# `concurrency.group` generates a concurrency group name from the workflow name and pull request information. The `||` operator is used to define fallback values. 
# `concurrency.cancel-in-progress` cancels any currently running job or workflow in the same concurrency group.
concurrency:
  group: '${{ github.workflow }} @ ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.label || github.head_ref || github.ref }}'
  cancel-in-progress: true

# The `jobs` key groups together all the jobs that run in the workflow file.
jobs:
  # This line defines a job with the ID `check-links` that is stored within the `jobs` key.
  check-links:
    # The `runs-on` key in this example configures the job to run on a GitHub-hosted runner or a self-hosted runner, depending on the repository running the workflow. 
    # 
    # In this example, the job will run on a self-hosted runner if the repository is named `docs-internal` and is within the `github` organization. If the repository doesn't match this path, then it will run on an `ubuntu-latest` runner hosted by GitHub. For more information on these options, see "[AUTOTITLE](/actions/using-jobs/choosing-the-runner-for-a-job)."
    runs-on: ${{ fromJSON('["ubuntu-latest", "self-hosted"]')[github.repository == 'github/docs-internal'] }}
    # The `steps` key groups together all the steps that will run as part of the `check-links` job. Each job in a workflow has its own `steps` section.
    steps:
      # The `uses` key tells the job to retrieve the action named `actions/checkout`. This is an action that checks out your repository and downloads it to the runner, allowing you to run actions against your code (such as testing tools). You must use the checkout action any time your workflow will use the repository's code or you are using an action defined in the repository.
      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@v4

      # This step uses the `actions/setup-node` action to install the specified version of the Node.js software package on the runner, which gives you access to the `npm` command.
      - name: Setup node
        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: 16.13.x
          cache: npm

      # The `run` key tells the job to execute a command on the runner. In this example, `npm ci` is used to install the npm software packages for the project.
      - name: Install
        run: npm ci

      # This step uses the `trilom/file-changes-action` action to gather all the changed files. This example is pinned to a specific version of the action, using the `a6ca26c14274c33b15e6499323aac178af06ad4b` SHA.
      # 
      # In this example, this step creates the file "${{ env.HOME }}/files.json", among others.
      - name: Gather files changed
        uses: trilom/file-changes-action@a6ca26c14274c33b15e6499323aac178af06ad4b
        with:
          fileOutput: 'json'

      # To help with verification, this step lists the contents of `files.json`. This will be visible in the workflow run's log, and can be useful for debugging.
      - name: Show files changed
        run: cat $HOME/files.json

      # This step uses the `run` command to execute a script that is stored in the repository at `script/rendered-content-link-checker.mjs` and passes all the parameters it needs to run.
      - name: Link check (warnings, changed files)
        run: |
          ./script/rendered-content-link-checker.mjs \
            --language en \
            --max 100 \
            --check-anchors \
            --check-images \
            --verbose \
            --list $HOME/files.json

      # This step also uses `run` command to execute a script that is stored in the repository at `script/rendered-content-link-checker.mjs` and passes a different set of parameters.
      - name: Link check (critical, all files)
        run: |
          ./script/rendered-content-link-checker.mjs \
            --language en \
            --exit \
            --verbose \
            --check-images \
            --level critical

다음 단계

  • GitHub Actions 개념에 대해 알아보려면 “GitHub Actions 이해”를 참조하세요.
  • 기본 워크플로를 만들기 위한 단계별 가이드는 "AUTOTITLE"을 참조하세요.
  • GitHub Actions의 기본 사항에 익숙한 경우 “워크플로 정보”에서 워크플로 및 해당 기능에 대해 알아볼 수 있습니다.