Configuring OpenID Connect in Azure

Overview

OpenID Connect (OIDC) allows your GitHub Actions workflows to access resources in Azure, without needing to store the Azure credentials as long-lived GitHub secrets.

This guide gives an overview of how to configure Azure to trust GitHub's OIDC as a federated identity, and includes a workflow example for the azure/login action that uses tokens to authenticate to Azure and access resources.

Prerequisites

• To learn the basic concepts of how GitHub uses OpenID Connect (OIDC), and its architecture and benefits, see About security hardening with OpenID Connect.

• Before proceeding, you must plan your security strategy to ensure that access tokens are only allocated in a predictable way. To control how your cloud provider issues access tokens, you must define at least one condition, so that untrusted repositories can’t request access tokens for your cloud resources. For more information, see About security hardening with OpenID Connect.

• You must ensure the following OIDC endpoints are accessible by your cloud provider:

  • https://HOSTNAME/_services/token/.well-known/openid-configuration
  • https://HOSTNAME/_services/token/.well-known/jwks

  Note

  Microsoft Entra ID (previously known as Azure AD) does not have fixed IP ranges defined for these endpoints.

• Make sure that the value of the issuer claim that's included with the JSON Web Token (JWT) is set to a publicly routable URL. For more information, see About security hardening with OpenID Connect.

Adding the federated credentials to Azure

GitHub's OIDC provider works with Azure's workload identity federation. For an overview, see Microsoft's documentation at Workload identity federation.

To configure the OIDC identity provider in Azure, you will need to perform the following configuration. For instructions on making these changes, refer to the Azure documentation.

1. Create an Entra ID application and a service principal.
2. Add federated credentials for the Entra ID application.
3. Create GitHub secrets for storing Azure configuration.

Additional guidance for configuring the identity provider:

• For security hardening, make sure you've reviewed About security hardening with OpenID Connect. For an example, see About security hardening with OpenID Connect.
• For the audience setting, api://AzureADTokenExchange is the recommended value, but you can also specify other values here.

Updating your GitHub Actions workflow

To update your workflows for OIDC, you will need to make two changes to your YAML:

1. Add permissions settings for the token.
2. Use the azure/login action to exchange the OIDC token (JWT) for a cloud access token.

Adding permissions settings

The job or workflow run requires a permissions setting with id-token: write to allow GitHub's OIDC provider to create a JSON Web Token for every run. You won't be able to request the OIDC JWT ID token if the permissions for id-token is not set to write, however this value doesn't imply granting write access to any resources, only being able to fetch and set the OIDC token for an action or step to enable authenticating with a short-lived access token. Any actual trust setting is defined using OIDC claims, for more information see About security hardening with OpenID Connect.

The id-token: write setting allows the JWT to be requested from GitHub's OIDC provider using one of these approaches:

• Using environment variables on the runner (ACTIONS_ID_TOKEN_REQUEST_URL and ACTIONS_ID_TOKEN_REQUEST_TOKEN).
• Using getIDToken() from the Actions toolkit.

If you need to fetch an OIDC token for a workflow, then the permission can be set at the workflow level. For example:

permissions:
  id-token: write # This is required for requesting the JWT
  contents: read  # This is required for actions/checkout

permissions:
  id-token: write # This is required for requesting the JWT
  contents: read  # This is required for actions/checkout

If you only need to fetch an OIDC token for a single job, then this permission can be set within that job. For example:

permissions:
  id-token: write # This is required for requesting the JWT

permissions:
  id-token: write # This is required for requesting the JWT

You may need to specify additional permissions here, depending on your workflow's requirements.

For reusable workflows that are owned by the same user, organization, or enterprise as the caller workflow, the OIDC token generated in the reusable workflow can be accessed from the caller's context. For reusable workflows outside your enterprise or organization, the permissions setting for id-token should be explicitly set to write at the caller workflow level or in the specific job that calls the reusable workflow. This ensures that the OIDC token generated in the reusable workflow is only allowed to be consumed in the caller workflows when intended.

For more information, see Reusing workflows.

Requesting the access token

The azure/login action receives a JWT from the GitHub OIDC provider, and then requests an access token from Azure. For more information, see the azure/login documentation.

The following example exchanges an OIDC ID token with Azure to receive an access token, which can then be used to access cloud resources.

name: Run Azure Login with OIDC
on: [push]

permissions:
  id-token: write
  contents: read
jobs:
  build-and-deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: 'Az CLI login'
        uses: azure/login@a1b2c3d4e5f6a7b8c9d0e1f2a3b4c5d6e7f8a9b0
        with:
          client-id: ${{ secrets.AZURE_CLIENT_ID }}
          tenant-id: ${{ secrets.AZURE_TENANT_ID }}
          subscription-id: ${{ secrets.AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID }}

      - name: 'Run az commands'
        run: |
          az account show
          az group list

name: Run Azure Login with OIDC
on: [push]

permissions:
  id-token: write
  contents: read
jobs:
  build-and-deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: 'Az CLI login'
        uses: azure/login@a1b2c3d4e5f6a7b8c9d0e1f2a3b4c5d6e7f8a9b0
        with:
          client-id: ${{ secrets.AZURE_CLIENT_ID }}
          tenant-id: ${{ secrets.AZURE_TENANT_ID }}
          subscription-id: ${{ secrets.AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID }}

      - name: 'Run az commands'
        run: |
          az account show
          az group list

Further reading

• Using OpenID Connect with reusable workflows

• About self-hosted runners