Bereitstellungen

Verwende die REST-API, um Bereitstellungen und Bereitstellungsumgebungen zu erstellen und zu löschen.

Informationen zu Bereitstellungen

Bereitstellungen sind Anforderungen, mit denen einer bestimmter Verweis (Branch, SHA, Tag) bereitgestellt werden kann. GitHub sendet ein -deploymentEreignis, auf das externe Dienste bei der Erstellung neuer Bereitstellungen lauschen und reagieren können. Mit Bereitstellungen können Entwickler*innen und Organisationen lose gekoppelte Tools auf Basis von Bereitstellungen erstellen, ohne sich über die Implementierungsdetails der Bereitstellung verschiedener Arten von Anwendungen Gedanken machen zu müssen (z. B. Web, nativ).

Mit Bereitstellungsstatus können externe Dienste Bereitstellungen mit dem Status error, failure, pending, in_progress, queued oder success kennzeichnen, den Systeme nutzen können, die auf -deployment_statusEreignisse lauschen.

Bereitstellungsstatus können optional auch eine description und eine log_url enthalten. Dies wird dringend empfohlen, da sie Bereitstellungsstatus nützlicher machen. Die log_url ist die vollständige URL der Bereitstellungsausgabe, und bei der description handelt es sich um eine allgemeine Zusammenfassung der Ereignisse in der Bereitstellung.

GitHub sendet deployment- und deployment_status-Ereignisse, wenn neue Bereitstellungen und Bereitstellungsstatus erstellt werden. Dank dieser Ereignisse können Drittanbieterintegrationen Bereitstellungsanforderungen empfangen und darauf antworten und den Status einer Bereitstellung aktualisieren, wenn Fortschritte gemacht werden.

Nachfolgend findest du ein einfaches Sequenzdiagramm zur Funktionsweise dieser Interaktionen.

+---------+             +--------+            +-----------+        +-------------+
| Tooling |             | GitHub |            | 3rd Party |        | Your Server |
+---------+             +--------+            +-----------+        +-------------+
     |                      |                       |                     |
     |  Create Deployment   |                       |                     |
     |--------------------->|                       |                     |
     |                      |                       |                     |
     |  Deployment Created  |                       |                     |
     |<---------------------|                       |                     |
     |                      |                       |                     |
     |                      |   Deployment Event    |                     |
     |                      |---------------------->|                     |
     |                      |                       |     SSH+Deploys     |
     |                      |                       |-------------------->|
     |                      |                       |                     |
     |                      |   Deployment Status   |                     |
     |                      |<----------------------|                     |
     |                      |                       |                     |
     |                      |                       |   Deploy Completed  |
     |                      |                       |<--------------------|
     |                      |                       |                     |
     |                      |   Deployment Status   |                     |
     |                      |<----------------------|                     |
     |                      |                       |                     |

Denke daran, dass GitHub niemals auf deine Server zugreift. Deine Drittanbieterintegration ist für die Interaktion mit Bereitstellungsereignissen zuständig. Mehrere Systeme können auf Bereitstellungsereignisse lauschen, und jedes dieser Systeme muss entscheiden, ob es für das Pushen des Codes auf deine Server, das Erstellen des nativen Codes usw. verantwortlich ist.

Beachte, dass der repo_deployment-OAuth-Bereich gezielten Zugriff auf Bereitstellungen und Bereitstellungsstatus gewährt, ohne Zugriff auf den Repositorycode zu gewähren, während die Bereiche public_repo undrepo ebenfalls dazu befähigen, Code zu schreiben.

Inaktive Bereitstellungen

Wenn du den Status einer Bereitstellung auf success festlegst, werden alle vorherigen, nicht vorübergehenden und nicht produktionsbezogenen Umgebungsbereitstellungen im selben Repository mit demselben Umgebungsnamen inactive. Um dies zu vermeiden, kannst du auto_inactive beim Erstellen des Bereitstellungsstatus auf false festlegen.

Du kannst angeben, dass eine vorübergehende Umgebung nicht mehr vorhanden ist, indem du ihre state auf inactive festlegst. Wenn du den state auf inactive festlegst, wird die Bereitstellung in GitHub als destroyed angezeigt, und der Zugriff darauf wird entfernt.

List deployments

Works with GitHub Apps

Simple filtering of deployments is available via query parameters:

Parameters for "List deployments"

Headers
Name, Type, Description
`accept`string Setting to `application/vnd.github+json` is recommended.
Path parameters
Name, Type, Description
`owner`stringRequired The account owner of the repository. The name is not case sensitive.
`repo`stringRequired The name of the repository. The name is not case sensitive.
Query parameters
Name, Type, Description
`sha`string The SHA recorded at creation time. Default: `none`
`ref`string The name of the ref. This can be a branch, tag, or SHA. Default: `none`
`task`string The name of the task for the deployment (e.g., `deploy` or `deploy:migrations`). Default: `none`
`environment`string or null The name of the environment that was deployed to (e.g., `staging` or `production`). Default: `none`
`per_page`integer The number of results per page (max 100). Default: `30`
`page`integer Page number of the results to fetch. Default: `1`

HTTP response status codes for "List deployments"

Status code	Description
`200`	OK

Code samples for "List deployments"

get/repos/{owner}/{repo}/deployments

curl -L \
  -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer <YOUR-TOKEN>" \
  http(s)://HOSTNAME/api/v3/repos/OWNER/REPO/deployments

Response

Status: 200

[
  {
    "url": "https://HOSTNAME/repos/octocat/example/deployments/1",
    "id": 1,
    "node_id": "MDEwOkRlcGxveW1lbnQx",
    "sha": "a84d88e7554fc1fa21bcbc4efae3c782a70d2b9d",
    "ref": "topic-branch",
    "task": "deploy",
    "payload": {},
    "original_environment": "staging",
    "environment": "production",
    "description": "Deploy request from hubot",
    "creator": {
      "login": "octocat",
      "id": 1,
      "node_id": "MDQ6VXNlcjE=",
      "avatar_url": "https://github.com/images/error/octocat_happy.gif",
      "gravatar_id": "",
      "url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat",
      "html_url": "https://github.com/octocat",
      "followers_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/followers",
      "following_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/following{/other_user}",
      "gists_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/gists{/gist_id}",
      "starred_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/starred{/owner}{/repo}",
      "subscriptions_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/subscriptions",
      "organizations_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/orgs",
      "repos_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/repos",
      "events_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/events{/privacy}",
      "received_events_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/received_events",
      "type": "User",
      "site_admin": false
    },
    "created_at": "2012-07-20T01:19:13Z",
    "updated_at": "2012-07-20T01:19:13Z",
    "statuses_url": "https://HOSTNAME/repos/octocat/example/deployments/1/statuses",
    "repository_url": "https://HOSTNAME/repos/octocat/example",
    "transient_environment": false,
    "production_environment": true
  }
]

Create a deployment

Works with GitHub Apps

Deployments offer a few configurable parameters with certain defaults.

The ref parameter can be any named branch, tag, or SHA. At GitHub Enterprise Server we often deploy branches and verify them before we merge a pull request.

The environment parameter allows deployments to be issued to different runtime environments. Teams often have multiple environments for verifying their applications, such as production, staging, and qa. This parameter makes it easier to track which environments have requested deployments. The default environment is production.

The auto_merge parameter is used to ensure that the requested ref is not behind the repository's default branch. If the ref is behind the default branch for the repository, we will attempt to merge it for you. If the merge succeeds, the API will return a successful merge commit. If merge conflicts prevent the merge from succeeding, the API will return a failure response.

By default, commit statuses for every submitted context must be in a success state. The required_contexts parameter allows you to specify a subset of contexts that must be success, or to specify contexts that have not yet been submitted. You are not required to use commit statuses to deploy. If you do not require any contexts or create any commit statuses, the deployment will always succeed.

The payload parameter is available for any extra information that a deployment system might need. It is a JSON text field that will be passed on when a deployment event is dispatched.

The task parameter is used by the deployment system to allow different execution paths. In the web world this might be deploy:migrations to run schema changes on the system. In the compiled world this could be a flag to compile an application with debugging enabled.

Users with repo or repo_deployment scopes can create a deployment for a given ref.

Merged branch response

You will see this response when GitHub automatically merges the base branch into the topic branch instead of creating a deployment. This auto-merge happens when:

Auto-merge option is enabled in the repository
Topic branch does not include the latest changes on the base branch, which is master in the response example
There are no merge conflicts

If there are no new commits in the base branch, a new request to create a deployment should give a successful response.

Merge conflict response

This error happens when the auto_merge option is enabled and when the default branch (in this case master), can't be merged into the branch that's being deployed (in this case topic-branch), due to merge conflicts.

Failed commit status checks

This error happens when the required_contexts parameter indicates that one or more contexts need to have a success status for the commit to be deployed, but one or more of the required contexts do not have a state of success.

Parameters for "Create a deployment"

Headers
Name, Type, Description
`accept`string Setting to `application/vnd.github+json` is recommended.
Path parameters
Name, Type, Description
`owner`stringRequired The account owner of the repository. The name is not case sensitive.
`repo`stringRequired The name of the repository. The name is not case sensitive.
Body parameters
Name, Type, Description
`ref`stringRequired The ref to deploy. This can be a branch, tag, or SHA.
`task`string Specifies a task to execute (e.g., `deploy` or `deploy:migrations`). Default: `deploy`
`auto_merge`boolean Attempts to automatically merge the default branch into the requested ref, if it's behind the default branch. Default: `true`
`required_contexts`array of strings The status contexts to verify against commit status checks. If you omit this parameter, GitHub verifies all unique contexts before creating a deployment. To bypass checking entirely, pass an empty array. Defaults to all unique contexts.
`payload`object or string JSON payload with extra information about the deployment.
`environment`string Name for the target deployment environment (e.g., `production`, `staging`, `qa`). Default: `production`
`description`string or null Short description of the deployment. Default: `""`
`transient_environment`boolean Specifies if the given environment is specific to the deployment and will no longer exist at some point in the future. Default: `false` Default: `false`
`production_environment`boolean Specifies if the given environment is one that end-users directly interact with. Default: `true` when `environment` is `production` and `false` otherwise.

HTTP response status codes for "Create a deployment"

Status code	Description
`201`	Created
`202`	Merged branch response
`409`	Conflict when there is a merge conflict or the commit's status checks failed
`422`	Validation failed, or the endpoint has been spammed.

Code samples for "Create a deployment"

post/repos/{owner}/{repo}/deployments

curl -L \
  -X POST \
  -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer <YOUR-TOKEN>" \
  http(s)://HOSTNAME/api/v3/repos/OWNER/REPO/deployments \
  -d '{"ref":"topic-branch","payload":"{ \"deploy\": \"migrate\" }","description":"Deploy request from hubot"}'

Simple example

Status: 201

{
  "url": "https://HOSTNAME/repos/octocat/example/deployments/1",
  "id": 1,
  "node_id": "MDEwOkRlcGxveW1lbnQx",
  "sha": "a84d88e7554fc1fa21bcbc4efae3c782a70d2b9d",
  "ref": "topic-branch",
  "task": "deploy",
  "payload": {},
  "original_environment": "staging",
  "environment": "production",
  "description": "Deploy request from hubot",
  "creator": {
    "login": "octocat",
    "id": 1,
    "node_id": "MDQ6VXNlcjE=",
    "avatar_url": "https://github.com/images/error/octocat_happy.gif",
    "gravatar_id": "",
    "url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat",
    "html_url": "https://github.com/octocat",
    "followers_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/followers",
    "following_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/following{/other_user}",
    "gists_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/gists{/gist_id}",
    "starred_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/starred{/owner}{/repo}",
    "subscriptions_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/subscriptions",
    "organizations_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/orgs",
    "repos_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/repos",
    "events_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/events{/privacy}",
    "received_events_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/received_events",
    "type": "User",
    "site_admin": false
  },
  "created_at": "2012-07-20T01:19:13Z",
  "updated_at": "2012-07-20T01:19:13Z",
  "statuses_url": "https://HOSTNAME/repos/octocat/example/deployments/1/statuses",
  "repository_url": "https://HOSTNAME/repos/octocat/example",
  "transient_environment": false,
  "production_environment": true
}

Get a deployment

Works with GitHub Apps

Parameters for "Get a deployment"

Headers
Name, Type, Description
`accept`string Setting to `application/vnd.github+json` is recommended.
Path parameters
Name, Type, Description
`owner`stringRequired The account owner of the repository. The name is not case sensitive.
`repo`stringRequired The name of the repository. The name is not case sensitive.
`deployment_id`integerRequired deployment_id parameter

HTTP response status codes for "Get a deployment"

Status code	Description
`200`	OK
`404`	Resource not found

Code samples for "Get a deployment"

get/repos/{owner}/{repo}/deployments/{deployment_id}

curl -L \
  -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer <YOUR-TOKEN>" \
  http(s)://HOSTNAME/api/v3/repos/OWNER/REPO/deployments/DEPLOYMENT_ID

Response

Status: 200

{
  "url": "https://HOSTNAME/repos/octocat/example/deployments/1",
  "id": 1,
  "node_id": "MDEwOkRlcGxveW1lbnQx",
  "sha": "a84d88e7554fc1fa21bcbc4efae3c782a70d2b9d",
  "ref": "topic-branch",
  "task": "deploy",
  "payload": {},
  "original_environment": "staging",
  "environment": "production",
  "description": "Deploy request from hubot",
  "creator": {
    "login": "octocat",
    "id": 1,
    "node_id": "MDQ6VXNlcjE=",
    "avatar_url": "https://github.com/images/error/octocat_happy.gif",
    "gravatar_id": "",
    "url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat",
    "html_url": "https://github.com/octocat",
    "followers_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/followers",
    "following_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/following{/other_user}",
    "gists_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/gists{/gist_id}",
    "starred_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/starred{/owner}{/repo}",
    "subscriptions_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/subscriptions",
    "organizations_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/orgs",
    "repos_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/repos",
    "events_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/events{/privacy}",
    "received_events_url": "https://HOSTNAME/users/octocat/received_events",
    "type": "User",
    "site_admin": false
  },
  "created_at": "2012-07-20T01:19:13Z",
  "updated_at": "2012-07-20T01:19:13Z",
  "statuses_url": "https://HOSTNAME/repos/octocat/example/deployments/1/statuses",
  "repository_url": "https://HOSTNAME/repos/octocat/example",
  "transient_environment": false,
  "production_environment": true
}

Delete a deployment

Works with GitHub Apps

If the repository only has one deployment, you can delete the deployment regardless of its status. If the repository has more than one deployment, you can only delete inactive deployments. This ensures that repositories with multiple deployments will always have an active deployment. Anyone with repo or repo_deployment scopes can delete a deployment.

To set a deployment as inactive, you must:

Create a new deployment that is active so that the system has a record of the current state, then delete the previously active deployment.
Mark the active deployment as inactive by adding any non-successful deployment status.

For more information, see "Create a deployment" and "Create a deployment status."

Parameters for "Delete a deployment"

Headers
Name, Type, Description
`accept`string Setting to `application/vnd.github+json` is recommended.
Path parameters
Name, Type, Description
`owner`stringRequired The account owner of the repository. The name is not case sensitive.
`repo`stringRequired The name of the repository. The name is not case sensitive.
`deployment_id`integerRequired deployment_id parameter

HTTP response status codes for "Delete a deployment"

Status code	Description
`204`	No Content
`404`	Resource not found
`422`	Validation failed, or the endpoint has been spammed.

Code samples for "Delete a deployment"

delete/repos/{owner}/{repo}/deployments/{deployment_id}

curl -L \
  -X DELETE \
  -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer <YOUR-TOKEN>" \
  http(s)://HOSTNAME/api/v3/repos/OWNER/REPO/deployments/DEPLOYMENT_ID

Response

Status: 204