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Creating a composite action

In this guide, you'll learn how to build a composite action.

Note: GitHub Actions was available for GitHub Enterprise Server 2.22 as a limited beta. The beta has ended. GitHub Actions is now generally available in GitHub Enterprise Server 3.0 or later. For more information, see the GitHub Enterprise Server 3.0 release notes.


Note: GitHub-hosted runners are not currently supported on GitHub Enterprise Server. You can see more information about planned future support on the GitHub public roadmap.

Einführung

In this guide, you'll learn about the basic components needed to create and use a packaged composite action. Diese Anleitung fokussiert jene Komponenten, welche zum Paketieren der Aktion benötigt werden. Daher hat der Aktions-Code nur minimale Funktionalität. The action prints "Hello World" and then "Goodbye", or if you provide a custom name, it prints "Hello [who-to-greet]" and then "Goodbye". The action also maps a random number to the random-number output variable, and runs a script named goodbye.sh.

Once you complete this project, you should understand how to build your own composite action and test it in a workflow.

Warning: When creating workflows and actions, you should always consider whether your code might execute untrusted input from possible attackers. Certain contexts should be treated as untrusted input, as an attacker could insert their own malicious content. For more information, see "Understanding the risk of script injections."

Vorrausetzungen

Before you begin, you'll create a GitHub Enterprise Server repository.

  1. Create a new public repository on your GitHub Enterprise Server instance. You can choose any repository name, or use the following hello-world-composite-action example. Du kannst diese Dateien hinzufügen, nachdem Dein Projekt per Push an GitHub Enterprise Server übergeben wurde. Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter „Neues Repository erstellen“.

  2. Clone Dein Repository auf Deinen Computer. Weitere Informationen findest Du unter „Ein Repository clonen“.

  3. Gehe in Deinem Terminal zum Verzeichnisse Deines neuen Repositorys.

    cd hello-world-composite-action
  4. In the hello-world-composite-action repository, create a new file called goodbye.sh, and add the following example code:

    echo "Auf Wiedersehen"
    
  5. From your terminal, make goodbye.sh executable.

    chmod +x goodbye.sh
  6. Checken Sie von Ihrem Terminal aus Ihre goodbye.sh Datei ein.

    git add goodbye.sh
    git commit -m "Add goodbye script"
    git push

Eine Datei für die Metadaten der Aktion erstellen

  1. In the hello-world-composite-action repository, create a new file called action.yml and add the following example code. For more information about this syntax, see "runs for a composite actions".

    action.yml

    name: 'Hello World'
    description: 'Greet someone'
    inputs:
      who-to-greet:  # id of input
        description: 'Who to greet'
        required: true
        default: 'World'
    outputs:
      random-number:
        description: "Random number"
        value: ${{ steps.random-number-generator.outputs.random-id }}
    runs:
      using: "composite"
      steps:
        - run: echo Hello ${{ inputs.who-to-greet }}.
          shell: bash
        - id: random-number-generator
          run: echo "::set-output name=random-id::$(echo $RANDOM)"
          shell: bash
        - run: ${{ github.action_path }}/goodbye.sh
          shell: bash
    

    Diese Datei definiert die Who-to-Greet- Eingabe, ordnet die zuzufällig generierte Zahl der Zufallszahl Ausgabevariablen zu und führt das goodbye.sh Skript aus. It also tells the runner how to execute the composite action.

    For more information about managing outputs, see "outputs for a composite action".

    Weitere Informationen zur Verwendung von github.action_pathfinden Sie unter "github context".

  2. From your terminal, check in your action.yml file.

    git add action.yml
    git commit -m "Add action"
    git push
  3. From your terminal, add a tag. This example uses a tag called v1. Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter „Informationen zu Aktionen“.

    git tag -a -m "Description of this release" v1
    git push --follow-tags

Deine Aktion in einem Workflow testen

The following workflow code uses the completed hello world action that you made in "Creating an action metadata file".

Copy the workflow code into a .github/workflows/main.yml file in another repository, but replace actions/hello-world-composite-action@v1 with the repository and tag you created. Darüber hinaus können Sie die Eingabe who-to-greet durch Ihren Namen ersetzen.

.github/workflows/main.yml

on: [push]

jobs:
  hello_world_job:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    name: A job to say hello
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
      - id: foo
        uses: actions/hello-world-composite-action@v1
        with:
          who-to-greet: 'Mona the Octocat'
      - run: echo random-number ${{ steps.foo.outputs.random-number }}
        shell: bash

Klicke in Deinem Repository auf die Registerkarte Actions (Aktionen), und wähle die neueste Workflow-Ausführung aus. The output should include: "Hello Mona the Octocat", the result of the "Goodbye" script, and a random number.