Add a dev container configuration to your repository

This guide shows you how to add a dev container configuration to your repository to define the GitHub Codespaces development environment for your Node.js codebase. For more information, see "Introduction to dev containers."

To work through the instructions in this guide you will use a codespace, in either the Visual Studio Code desktop application or the VS Code web client.

These instructions are for Node.js. If you want to add a dev container configuration for another programming language, click the language button to the right.

You should have an existing JavaScript, Node.js, or TypeScript project in a repository on GitHub.com. If you don't have a project, you can try this tutorial with the following example: https://github.com/microsoft/vscode-remote-try-node
GitHub Codespaces must be enabled for your organization. For more information, see "Enabling GitHub Codespaces for your organization."

Under the repository name, use the Code drop-down menu, and in the Codespaces tab, click the plus sign (+).

If you don’t see this option, GitHub Codespaces isn't available for your project. See Access to GitHub Codespaces for more information.

When you create a codespace, your project is created on a remote VM that is dedicated to you. By default, the container for your codespace has many languages and runtimes including Node.js, JavaScript, Typescript, nvm, npm, and yarn. It also includes a common set of tools like git, wget, rsync, openssh, and nano.

You can customize your codespace by adjusting the amount of vCPUs and RAM, adding dotfiles to personalize your environment, or by modifying the tools and scripts installed.

GitHub Codespaces uses a file called devcontainer.json to configure the development container that you use when you work in a codespace. Each repository can contain one or more devcontainer.json files, to give you exactly the development environment you need to work on your code in a codespace. On launch, GitHub Codespaces uses a devcontainer.json file, and any dependent files that make up the dev container configuration, to install tools and runtimes, and perform other setup tasks that the project requires. For more information, see "Introduction to dev containers."

The default development container, or "dev container," for GitHub Codespaces supports running Node.js projects like vscode-remote-try-node out of the box. However, we recommend that you configure your own dev container to include all of the tools and scripts your project needs. This will ensure a fully reproducible environment for all GitHub Codespaces users in your repository.

To set up your repository to use a custom dev container, you will need to create one or more devcontainer.json files. You can add these either from a template, in Visual Studio Code, or you can write your own. For more information on dev container configurations, see "Introduction to dev containers".

Access the Command Palette (Shift+Command+P / Ctrl+Shift+P), then start typing "dev container". Select Codespaces: Add Development Container Configuration Files....
For this example, click Node.js. If you need additional features you can select any container that’s specific to Node or a combination of tools such as Node and MongoDB.
Click the recommended version of Node.js.
Select any additional features to install and click OK.
Access the Command Palette (Shift+Command+P / Ctrl+Shift+P), then start typing "rebuild". Select Codespaces: Rebuild Container.

Adding the Node.js dev container template adds a .devcontainer directory to the root of your project's repository with the following files:

devcontainer.json
Dockerfile

The newly added devcontainer.json file defines a few properties that are described below.

name - You can name your dev container anything, this is just the default.

build - The build properties.

dockerfile - In the build object, dockerfile contains the path to the Dockerfile that was also added from the template.
args
- VARIANT: This file only contains one build argument, which is the node variant we want to use that is passed into the Dockerfile.

settings - These are Visual Studio Code settings that you can set.

terminal.integrated.shell.linux - While bash is the default here, you could use other terminal shells by modifying this.

extensions - These are extensions included by default.

dbaeumer.vscode-eslint - ES lint is a great extension for linting, but for JavaScript there are a number of great Marketplace extensions you could also include.

forwardPorts - Any ports listed here will be forwarded automatically.

postCreateCommand - Use this to run commands that aren't defined in the Dockerfile, after your codespace is created.

remoteUser - By default, you’re running as the vscode user, but you can optionally set this to root.

You can use the Dockerfile to add additional container layers to specify OS packages, node versions, or global packages we want included in our container.

With your dev container configuration added and a basic understanding of what everything does, you can now make changes to customize your environment further. In this example, you'll add properties to install npm when your codespace launches and make a list of ports inside the container available locally.

In the Explorer, select the devcontainer.json file from the tree to open it. You might have to expand the .devcontainer folder to see it.
Add the following lines to your devcontainer.json file after extensions:
```
"postCreateCommand": "npm install",
"forwardPorts": [4000],
```
For more information about devcontainer.json properties, see the Visual Studio Code documentation: "devcontainer.json reference."
Access the Command Palette (Shift+Command+P / Ctrl+Shift+P), then start typing "rebuild". Select Codespaces: Rebuild Container.

Rebuilding inside your codespace ensures your changes work as expected before you commit the changes to the repository. If something does result in a failure, you’ll be placed in a codespace with a recovery container that you can rebuild from to keep adjusting your container.

You may occasionally want to perform a full rebuild to clear your cache and rebuild your container with fresh images. For more information, see "Performing a full rebuild of a container."

In the previous section, you used the postCreateCommand to installing a set of packages via npm. You can now use this to run our application with npm.

Run your start command in the terminal with npm start.
When your project starts, you should see a message in the bottom right corner with a prompt to connect to the port your project uses.

Once you've made changes to your codespace, either new code or configuration changes, you'll want to commit your changes. Committing changes to your repository ensures that anyone else who creates a codespace from this repository has the same configuration. This also means that any customization you do, such as adding Visual Studio Code extensions, will appear for all users.

For information, see "Using source control in your codespace."

Add a dev container configuration to your repository

Prerequisites

In this Article

Step 1: Open your project in a codespace

Step 2: Add a dev container configuration to your repository from a template

Anatomy of your dev container

Dockerfile

Step 3: Modify your devcontainer.json file

Step 4: Run your application

Step 5: Commit your changes